INTRODUCTIONCoomassie Blue R250 permanently stains membrane-bound proteins and is compatible with PVDF and nitrocellulose membranes, but it is incompatible with nylon membranes. This technique is relatively insensitive, with a detection limit of ~1.5 μg of protein. One drawback of Coomassie Blue staining is that it produces a high background that can make interpretation of results difficult.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot4544 | DOI Listing |
Life (Basel)
January 2025
Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized, membrane-bound structures that have emerged as promising tools for drug delivery, especially in the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. This review highlights the unique properties of EVs, such as their biocompatibility, capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and potential for therapeutic cargo loading, including that of enzymes and genetic material. Current therapies for LSDs, like enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), often fail to address neurological symptoms due to their inability to cross the BBB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
January 2025
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
Microalbuminuria is the earliest clinical abnormality in diabetic kidney disease. High glucose (HG) concentrations are associated with the induction of oxidative stress in podocytes, leading to disruption of the glomerular filtration barrier. Our recent study revealed a significant decrease in the membrane-bound fraction of Klotho in podocytes that were cultured under HG conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Cell
January 2025
Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Ferroptosis is a type of cell death that multiple mechanisms and pathways contribute to the positive and negative regulation of it. For example, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce ferroptosis. ferroptosis unlike apoptosis, it is not dependent on caspases, but is dependent on iron.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Soc Trans
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.
Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of human Q fever, is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates in a large, membrane-bound vacuole known as the Coxiella Containing Vacuole (CCV). The CCV is a unique, phagolysosome-derived vacuole with a sterol-rich membrane containing host and bacterial proteins. The CCV membrane itself serves as a barrier to protect the bacteria from the host's innate immune response, and the lipid and protein content directly influence both the CCV luminal environment and interactions between the CCV and host trafficking pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
Membrane bound histidine kinases (HKs) are ubiquitous sensors of extracellular stimuli in bacteria. However, a uniform structural model is still missing for their transmembrane signaling mechanism. Here, we used solid-state NMR in conjunction with crystallography, solution NMR and distance measurements to investigate the transmembrane signaling mechanism of a paradigmatic citrate sensing membrane embedded HK, CitA.
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