The materials and technologies for fabrication of denture bases have developed during the last 150 years. The requirements of the ideal material are versatile and include functional, physical and esthetical demands. The current manuscript classifies denture base materials according to their chemical characteristics into polymers, reinforced polymers and light cured polymers. Poly Methyl Metacrylate (PMMA) was developed 70 years ago, and is still the major material for fabrication of denture bases due to its esthetic characteristics, high processing and polishing abilities, relining and rebasing possibility and low cost. The main disadvantages of PMMA are its dimensional changes during polymerization, porosity and allergic/cytotoxic effects. PMMA may be reinforced by metal, polyethylene or glass fibers. Other materials used for fabrication of denture bases are Nylon and Urethane dimethacrylate. Their advantages are better esthetics, low modulus of elasticity and reduced cytotoxicity. This review presents the advances in materials and techniques used for denture bases, the different materials, their advantages and disadvantages, the chemical reactions associated with their production, and their allergic and cytotoxic side effects.
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