Fusaricidins produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa DBB1709 are lipopeptide antibiotics active against fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. The cyclic hexapeptide structures of fusaricidins are synthesized by fusaricidin synthetase, a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase. The adenylation domain of the third module (FusA-A3) can recruit L: -Tyr, L: -Val, L: -Ile, L: -allo-Ile, or L: -Phe, which diversifies the fusaricidin structures. Since the L: -Phe-incorporated fusaricidin analog (LI-F07) exhibits more potent antimicrobial activity than other analogs, we modified a specificity-conferring sequence in the substrate binding pocket of FusA-A3 to direct the enhanced production of LI-F07. Base on comparison to the adenylation domain of gramicidin S synthetase 1 and tyrocidine synthetase 1, both of which mainly activate L: -Phe, six mutant strains with altered FusA-A3 were generated using site-directed mutagenesis. M3 (I239W, I299V), M5 (I299V, G322A, V330I), and M6 (S239W, I299V, G322A, V330I) mutants produced significantly more LI-F07 than the wild-type strain.
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