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Chloride and sodium budgets of a shallow freshwater lake - Current status and the impact of climate change.
Sci Total Environ
December 2024
National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Hydraulicand Water Resources Engineering, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary; HUN-REN-SZTE Research Group for Photoacoustic Monitoring of Environmental Processes, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Szeged 6720, Hungary. Electronic address:
The large, shallow Lake Balaton (Hungary) has experienced rapid salinization since the 1970s. This study investigated the causes of salinization and aimed at predicting the effects of climate change. Monthly mass balance models for chloride and sodium were calibrated using water balance and water quality monitoring data (1976-2022) to analyze the effects of climate change (2022-2100) through ensemble modeling under the IPCC RCP 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFinancial Impacts of Paying for Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease Under Alternative Pricing and Financing Mechanisms.
Value Health
November 2024
The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; The National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Objectives: This study aims to understand the role of alternative pricing and financing mechanisms on the budget impact for payers and the risks and returns of manufacturers for gene therapies.
Methods: This article uses fundamental economic principles to interpret the implications of alternative pricing mechanisms in terms of the share of value appropriated by the manufacturer and how alternative financing mechanisms alter it. It demonstrates these concepts by studying the financial impacts for a payer and the manufacturer across alternative pricing and financing mechanisms that could be used by the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to pay for gene therapy for sickle cell disease.
Evaluation of gridded cropland phosphorus budget and use efficiency in China.
J Environ Manage
November 2024
School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 610000, China.
Article Synopsis
- * China's cropland P budget shifted from a deficit of -3.70 Tg P per year in 1992 to a surplus of 0.31 Tg P per year in 2018, primarily due to increased fertilizer use and reduced soil erosion, while the average PUE decreased then slightly recovered.
- * There’s a notable relationship between China’s P budget and PUE and its economic growth, with key factors influencing these trends being crop management practices, fertilizer input,
Spatiotemporal evolution of dry and wet and quantitative analysis of the influence of meteorological factors based on MI and the FAO P-M model.
Sci Rep
September 2024
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
The frequent occurrence of extreme climate events disrupts the regional water budget balance and leads to changes in the dry and wet conditions of the surface, making the water surplus and deficit more complex and variable. To explore the quantitative relationship between the spatiotemporal evolution of dry and wet conditions and meteorological factors in the Hexi Corridor under changing environmental conditions, the relative moisture index (MI) and FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO P-M) model were combined to construct a partial differential quantitative attribution model for dry and wet variations affected by climate factors in the Hexi Corridor. The results show that: (1) MI in the Hexi Corridor increased significantly (Z = 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow hospital autonomy affects provider payment reform effectiveness.
Int J Health Plann Manage
September 2024
Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: Provider payment reforms (PPRs) have demonstrated mixed results for improving health system efficiency. Since PPRs require health care organisations to interpret and implement policies, the organizational characteristics of hospitals may affect the effectiveness of PPRs. Hospitals with more autonomy have the flexibility to respond to PPRs more efficiently, but they may not if the autonomy previously facilitated behaviours that counter the PPR's objective.
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