A reflection-type single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber fabricated by a vertical evaporation method was to our knowledge first used in a passively mode-locked Yb(3+):Sc(2)SiO(5)(Yb:SSO) laser. The laser operated at a repetition frequency of 94 MHz with a central wavelength of 1062.6 nm. A short pulse duration of 1.8 ps was produced with an average power of 349 mW; and the highest pulse energy of 3.7 nJ, corresponding to its maximum peak power, can reach 2.1 kW.
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Mode-locked lasers are of interest for applications such as biological imaging, nonlinear frequency conversion, and single-photon generation. In the infrared, chip-integrated mode-locked lasers have been demonstrated through integration of laser diodes with low-loss photonic circuits. However, additional challenges, such as a higher propagation loss and smaller alignment tolerances, have prevented the realization of such lasers in the visible range.
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In research and engineering, short laser pulses are fundamental for metrology and communication. The generation of pulses by passive mode-locking is especially desirable due to the compact setup dimensions, without the need for active modulation requiring dedicated external circuitry. However, well-established models do not cover regular self-pulsing in gain media that recover faster than the cavity round trip time.
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