Objectives: To validate new references charts and equations for fetal biometry in an Italian unselected population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 4896 women with singleton viable pregnancies, at Artemisia Fetal Maternal Medical Centre between May 2009 and December 2009. Each woman was scanned only once, between 14+0 and 40+0 weeks of gestation. The fetal standard biometric measurements were recorded. For each parameter, regression models were fitted to estimate the percentile at each gestational age. In order to be compared to other reference equations, the fetal biometric measurements at each gestational age were expressed as Z-scores.
Results: New fetal charts and references equations for Italian population were developed according to the recommend multistep statistical procedure.
Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first Italian study with the largest sample size ever reported in the literature. In addiction, our newer charts of reference centiles for fetal biometric measurements are useful in the obstetrical clinical practice for the Italian population.
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Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK.
Assisted migration is a tree-planting method where tree species or populations are translocated with the aim of establishing more climate-resilient forests. However, this might potentially increase the susceptibility of translocated trees to herbivory. Stand diversification through planting trees in species or genotypic mixtures may reduce the amount of damage by insect pests, but its effectiveness in mitigation of excess herbivory on climate-matched trees has seldom been explored.
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Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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J Nurs Scholarsh
January 2025
Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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January 2025
Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. Electronic address:
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