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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Background: Advances in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have revealed a novel fluid biomarker, tau phosphorylated at T217 (pT217-tau), in CSF and plasma, that predicts AD prior to cognitive deficits. Understanding the role of pT217-tau is important in assessing efficacy of novel treatments aimed at early-stage disease. However, it is unknown why pT217-tau is effective in predicting brain pathology, as little is known about early, soluble pT217-tau brain expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic representation of appetitive and aversive stimuli in nucleus accumbens shell D1- and D2-medium spiny neurons.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain region for motivated behaviors, yet how distinct neuronal populations encode appetitive or aversive stimuli remains undetermined. Using microendoscopic calcium imaging in mice, we tracked NAc shell D1- or D2-medium spiny neurons' (MSNs) activity during exposure to stimuli of opposing valence and associative learning. Despite drift in individual neurons' coding, both D1- and D2-population activity was sufficient to discriminate opposing valence unconditioned stimuli, but not predictive cues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdsorption of Cr(VI) Using Organoclay/Alginate Hydrogel Beads and Their Application to Tannery Effluent.
Gels
November 2024
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Campus La Nubia, km 9 vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales 170003, Colombia.
The tanning industry is among the most environmentally harmful activities globally due to the pollution of lakes and rivers from its effluents. Hexavalent chromium, a metal in tannery effluents, has adverse effects on human health and ecosystems, requiring the development of removal techniques. This study assessed the efficacy of organobentonite/alginate hydrogel beads in removing Cr(VI) from a fixed-bed adsorption column system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRevealing Local Structure of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor (S086) Drug Cocrystal by Linear and Nonlinear Infrared Spectroscopies.
ACS Omega
December 2024
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
Structurally knowing the active sites of a drug is important for understanding its therapeutic functions. S086 is a novel angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor that consists of the molecular moieties of EXP3174 (the active metabolite of the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan) and sacubitril (a neprilysin inhibitor prodrug) in a 1:1 molar ratio. There are two forms of cocrystals of S086, namely, ξ-crystal and α-crystal, which were formed both via intermolecular coordination bonding to calcium ions, with the aid of internal water.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeciphering the structural and biochemical aspects of xylosidase from Pseudopedobacter saltans.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. Electronic address:
Xylose, a key constituent of the heterogeneous hemicellulose polymer, occurs in lignocellulosic biomass and forms xylan polymers through β-1,4 glycosidic linkages. The β-1,4-xylosidase enzyme was isolated from Pseudopedobacter saltans (PsGH43) to find an effective enzyme with enhanced activity to depolymerize xylo-oligosaccharides. β-1,4-xylosidase belongs to the GH43 family as classified in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Database (CAZy).
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