G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are found to be attractive drug targets for the treatment of various neuronal diseases. Allosteric modulators have their role in enhancing or suppressing the effect of glutamate on mGluRs. Structure of mGluR1 was generated with the help of Modeller software by considering human B2-adrenergic GPCR protein as template. Structure of various already known drug molecules were used for similarity search in the ZINC database and a large number of similar molecules were obtained, than filtering of these molecules were done by applying drug features. Molecules were screened by Molegro Virtual Docking program and numbers of novel molecules were generated by using LigBuilder software. Finally 16 novel drug candidates were selected, which were showing better results than the seed molecule and previously known modulators. These results will help in designing and synthesis of better drugs against diseases like Epilepsy and Parkinson's.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630008170 | DOI Listing |
Pharmacol Res
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China. Electronic address:
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane receptors and are highly effective targets for therapeutic drugs. GPCRs couple different downstream effectors, including G proteins (such as Gi/o, Gs, G12, and Gq) and β-arrestins (such as β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2) to mediate diverse cellular and physiological responses. Biased signaling allows for the specific activation of certain pathways from the full range of receptors' signaling capabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Background: The development of new innovative treatments to prevent and ameliorate Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires knowledge of molecular mechanisms that are critical to neuronal health. The receptor TREM2 is part of a signaling complex that modulates inflammatory responses, phagocytosis and cell survival in microglia- resident immune cells in the brain that play a critical role in clearing misfolded aggregates such as amyloid beta (Aβ). In recent years, TREM2 has emerged as a promising drug target for AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Suven Life Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Background: Centrally acting muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists like atropine and scopolamine can induce psychosis-like symptoms. Xanomeline, a muscarinic M1/M4 preferring agonist attenuated the effects of amphetamine (animal model for schizophrenia) in the wild-type mice, however, such effects were absent in muscarinic M4 knockout mice. In addition, xanomeline was also found to be effective in attenuating neuropsychiatric symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Chem
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
The design of dualsteric/bitopic receptor ligands as compounds capable of simultaneously interacting with both the orthosteric and an allosteric binding site has gained importance to achieve enhanced receptor specificity and minimize off-target effects. In this work, we reported the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of compounds, namely, the series, obtained by chemically combining the CB1R ago-positive allosteric modulators (PAM) with the cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) orthosteric agonist . Therefore, compounds were designed as dualsteric/bitopic ligands for CB1R with the aim of obtaining stronger CB1R agonists or ago-PAMs, with improved receptor subtype selectivity and reduction of central side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Drug Discov
January 2025
Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest human membrane protein family that transduce extracellular signals into cellular responses. They are major pharmacological targets, with approximately 26% of marketed drugs targeting GPCRs, primarily at their orthosteric binding site. Despite their prominence, predicting the pharmacological effects of novel GPCR-targeting drugs remains challenging due to the complex functional dynamics of these receptors.
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