Experimental studies were conducted into ovariectomized pregnant gilts to establish effects of exogenic hormone administration, with endogenic ovarian steroids excluded, upon uterus and fetus development as well as on hormone levels in blood plasma, endometrium, and allantoic fluid. Hormone concentrations in blood plasma were found to depend clearly on hormone doses applied after ovariectomy to preserve pregnancy. 2 to 3 weeks of smooth gravidity, following ovariectomy, were ensured on the 6th or 14th day after KB1 by daily application of very low doses of progesterone only (80 mg) or in combination with estrogens, the ratio being 480:1.
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Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background And Objective: A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist such as leuprolide is widely used to achieve sustained suppression of testosterone levels, which play a critical role in the treatment of prostate cancer. Recent advances in drug delivery systems have led to the development of long-acting depot formulations, such as the 6-month intramuscular (IM) leuprolide formulation, which aim to simplify dosing and improve convenience for both patients and healthcare providers. Exploring extended dosing intervals for such formulations represents a promising approach to further optimize treatment regimens, potentially balancing efficacy with patient-centered care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubst Abuse Rehabil
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Many studies indicate that high and multiple doses of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) for athletic enhancement can result in serious and irreversible adverse effects. A study that includes laboratory blood testing to evaluate the direct effects of AAS agents among users has not been previously undertaken. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of the use of AAS by athletes and to determine whether AAS use leads to changes in certain blood parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNephrol Dial Transplant
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associates with poor outcomes. Current clinical practice guidelines recommend supplementation with nutritional vitamin D as for the general population. However, recent large-scale, clinical trials in the general population failed to demonstrate a benefit of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal or non-skeletal outcomes, fueling a debate on the rationale for screening for and correcting vitamin D deficiency, both in non-CKD and CKD populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol Appl Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China. Electronic address:
Background: Bisphenol F (BPF), a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), is widely used in consumer products, increasing the potential for environmental exposure. Our study investigated the reproductive effects of BPF on adult male zebrafish and explored its toxicological mechanisms, as well as its intergenerational effects.
Methods: Adult male zebrafish were exposed to BPF concentrations of 0, 50, 500, 2500, and 5000 nM for 21 days.
J Endocr Soc
January 2025
Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
Context: In patients with GH deficiency (GHD) receiving GH treatment, IGF-1 concentrations are used by physicians to monitor treatment safety and efficacy and guide dosing decisions. Somatrogon is a long-acting GH approved as a once-weekly treatment for pediatric GHD. Somatrogon administration results in characteristic changes in the IGF-1 profile, with values measured at 96 hours postdose representing mean IGF-1 concentrations that best reflect overall somatrogon exposure.
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