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Exposure to Rifampicin and its Metabolite 25-Deacetylrifampicin Rapidly Decreases During Tuberculosis Therapy.
Clin Pharmacokinet
January 2025
Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Background And Objective: Limited information is available on the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin (RIF) along with that of its active metabolite, 25-deacetylrifampicin (25-dRIF). This study aimed to analyse the pharmacokinetic data of RIF and 25-dRIF collected in adult patients treated for tuberculosis.
Methods: In adult patients receiving 10 mg/kg of RIF as part of a standard regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis enrolled in the Opti-4TB study, plasma RIF and 25-dRIF concentrations were measured at various occasions.
Prey depletion, interspecific competition, and the energetics of hunting in endangered African wild dogs, .
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
Large herbivores are in decline in much of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, and true apex carnivores like the lion () decline in parallel with their prey. As a consequence, competitively subordinate carnivores like the African wild dog () are simultaneously experiencing a costly reduction in resources and a beneficial reduction in dominant competitors. The net effect is not intuitively obvious, but wild dogs' density, survival, and reproduction are all low in areas that are strongly affected by prey depletion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranslating PK-PD principles into improved methodology for clinical trials which compare intermittent with prolonged infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics.
Clin Infect Dis
January 2025
Professor of Medicine, Director, Institute for Therapeutic Innovation at University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Based on the fact that beta-lactam antibiotics demonstrate time-dependent killing, different dosing strategies have been implemented to increase the time that free (f) (unbound) antibiotic concentrations remain above the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), including prolonged and continuous infusion. Multiple studies have been performed that compared continuous with traditional intermittent infusion to improve outcomes in patients with severe sepsis and/or septic shock. These studies have yielded inconsistent results for patients as measured by clinical response to treatment and mortality due to heterogeneity of included patients, pathogens, dosing strategies and the absence of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFManaging soil to support soil biodiversity in protected areas agroecosystems: a comparison between arable lands, olive groves, and vineyards in the Conero Park (Italy).
Environ Monit Assess
January 2025
School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino (MC), Italy.
Sustainable soil management is essential to conserve soil biodiversity and its provision of vital ecosystem services. The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 highlights the key role of organic farming and land protection in halting biodiversity loss, including edaphic biodiversity. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed measures, a 1-year study was conducted in spring 2022 to determine the soil quality of three organically managed agroecosystems and four sites for each: arable lands, olive groves, and vineyards in the Conero Park, using the arthropod-based Biological Soil Quality Index (QBS-ar) and also considering soil chemical-physical characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Droplet Microfluidic Sensor for Point-of-Care Measurement of Plasma/Serum Total Free Thiol Concentrations.
Anal Chem
January 2025
Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
Total free thiols are an important marker of the whole-body redox state, which has been shown to be associated with clinical outcome in health and disease. Recent investigations have suggested that increased insight may be gained by monitoring alterations of redox state in response to exercise and hypoxia and to monitor redox trajectories in disease settings. However, conducting such studies is challenging due to the requirement for repeated venous blood sampling and intensive lab work.
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