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Towards deciphering dynamic changes and evolutionary mechanisms involved in the adaptation to low salinities in Ectocarpus (brown algae). | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Colonization of freshwater by marine species is uncommon, and understanding the mechanisms behind it is limited, making the study of Ectocarpus, a brown algae, significant for bridging marine and freshwater habitats.
  • The research revealed that a freshwater strain of Ectocarpus is part of a resilient clade and exhibits notable differences in salinity tolerance and metabolic adaptations compared to a marine strain, particularly when exposed to seawater.
  • The freshwater strain displayed reversible changes in morphology and physiology, but permanent genomic alterations led to distinct metabolite profiles, indicating a complex adaptation process to freshwater environments.

Article Abstract

Colonizations of freshwater by marine species are rare events, and little information is known about the underlying mechanisms. Brown algae are an independent lineage of photosynthetic and multicellular organisms from which few species inhabit freshwater. As a marine alga that is also found in freshwater, Ectocarpus is of particular interest for studying the transition between these habitats. To gain insights into mechanisms of the transition, we examined salinity tolerance and adaptations to low salinities in a freshwater strain of Ectocarpus on physiological and molecular levels. We show that this isolate belongs to a widely distributed and highly stress-resistant clade, and differed from the genome-sequenced marine strain in its tolerance of low salinities. It also exhibited profound, but reversible, morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic changes when transferred to seawater. Although gene expression profiles were similar in both strains under identical conditions, metabolite and ion profiles differed strongly, the freshwater strain exhibiting e.g. higher cellular contents of amino acids and nitrate, higher contents of n-3 fatty acids, and lower intracellular mannitol and sodium concentrations. Moreover, several stress markers were noted in the freshwater isolate in seawater. This finding suggests that, while high stress tolerance and plasticity may be prerequisites for the colonization of freshwater, genomic alterations have occurred that produced permanent changes in the metabolite profiles to stabilize the transition.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.04982.xDOI Listing

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