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MODELING EARLY-ONSET CANCER KINETICS TO STUDY CHANGES IN UNDERLYING RISK, DETECTION, AND IMPACT OF POPULATION SCREENING.
medRxiv
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Recent studies have reported increases in early-onset cancer cases (diagnosed under age 50) and call into question whether the increase is related to earlier diagnosis from other medical tests and reflected by decreasing tumor-size-at-diagnosis (apparent effects) or actual increases in underlying cancer risk (true effects), or both. The classic Multi-Stage Clonal Expansion (MSCE) model assumes cancer detection at the emergence of the first malignant cell, although later modifications have included lag-times or stochasticity in detection to more realistically represent tumor detection requiring a certain size threshold. Here, we introduce an approach to explicitly incorporate tumor-size-at-diagnosis in the MSCE framework and account for improvements in cancer detection over time to distinguish between apparent and true increases in early-onset cancer incidence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA comorbidity of ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis, Takayasu's arteritis and silent thyroiditis: an extensive case-based review.
Ann Med Surg (Lond)
November 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Aleppo University Hospital.
Introduction And Importance: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition characterized by continuous inflammation of the rectum and colon. Its clinical complications extend beyond the gastrointestinal tract to involve multiple systems, including musculoskeletal, hepatobiliary, cardiovascular, and ocular manifestations. Takayasu arteritis and ankylosing spondylitis are two autoimmune inflammatory disorders that have previously been reported as coexisting conditions associated with ulcerative colitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtherogenic Effect of Homocysteine, a Biomarker of Inflammation and Its Treatment.
Int J Angiol
December 2024
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Ischemic stroke and heart disease, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease are events resulting from long-lasting and silent atherosclerosis. This paper deals with the synthesis of homocysteine (Hcy), causes of HHcy, mechanism of HHcy-induced atherosclerosis, and treatment of HHcy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCatching the Silent Culprits: TERT Promoter Mutation Screening of Minimally Invasive Follicular and Oncocytic Thyroid Carcinoma in Clinical Practice.
Endocr Pathol
December 2024
Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- * In a study of 84 minimally invasive follicular and oncocytic thyroid carcinomas, TERT promoter mutations were found in 11.9% of cases, with mutated tumors associated with older patient age but no other significant clinical differences.
- * Although TERT mutations did not correlate with poor clinical outcomes, reflex testing for these mutations may be beneficial for risk assessment in low-risk tumors, despite the unclear clinical advantage.
Current Strategies for Atrial Fibrillation Prevention and Management: Taming the Commonest Cardiac Arrhythmia.
Curr Vasc Pharmacol
September 2024
First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Euroclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac arrhythmia, constituting a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with an age-dependent incidence and prevalence ranging from 1-2% in the general population to ~10% in persons aged >60 years. The global prevalence of AF is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the aging population. If not properly and timely managed, this arrhythmia adversely affects left ventricular function, increases the risk of stroke five-fold, impairs quality of life, and shortens longevity.
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