[Risk of cancer in patients following chronic dialysis and kidney graft].

Background: A high prevalence of renal insufficiency has been observed in cancer patients as well as a high incidence of de novo cancer in dialysis or renal transplant patients.

Material And Methods: We aimed to determine the incidence of cancer in patients under dialysis and in kidney transplant recipients through a search of the literature.

Results: Under chronic dialysis, the risk of cancer increases from 1.1 to 1.8 in comparison to the general population. These risks reach 2.5 to 3.9 in renal transplant patients, but depend on the type of tumor.

Conclusion: In transplant recipients, the risk of cancer induced by immunosuppressive therapy requires a specific follow-up and a screening for any medical history of cancer in the donor and the recipient.