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Tacrolimus- and Mycophenolate-Mediated Toxicity: Clinical Considerations and Options in Management of Post-Transplant Patients.
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Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
Tacrolimus and mycophenolate are important immunosuppressive agents used to prevent organ rejection in post-transplant patients. While highly effective, their use is associated with significant toxicity, requiring careful management. Tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, is linked to nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolic disturbances such as diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular complications such as hypertension and arrhythmias.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy on the absorption characteristics of euscaphic acid and tiliroside in fruits of Retz.
PeerJ
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Chinese University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
The fruits of Retz. (FRL) have a long history of medicinal use, known for their rich composition of flavonoids, polyphenols, amino acids, sugars, and other bioactive compounds. FRL exhibits pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities, making it a valuable resource with significant development potential in both the food and pharmaceutical industries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelective Tissue Penetration of the Corneal Layers of Cyclosporin 2% Associated with Miglyol in Rabbits.
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Ophtalmology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a drug used to prevent immune rejection in corneal transplantation. Most grafts performed today are endothelial grafts which are complicated with poor penetration of CsA into the endothelium due to its hydrophobicity. To improve CsA penetration into the corneal a new ocular formulation of CsA 2% with Miglyol was developed and is commercially available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNavigating the Challenges of Cyclosporine as an Alternative to Rifampicin as an OATP1B Index Inhibitor.
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Rifampicin is a widely employed index inhibitor to assess the impact of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B (OATP1B) inhibition on investigational drugs. The observation of nitrosamines in certain drug products, including rifampicin, has impacted the conduct of clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies with rifampicin drug products. Cyclosporine is a recommended alternative to assess in vivo OATP1B activity; however, challenges exist in its use due to pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and non-selective inhibition of other drug disposition mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacokinetic Boosting of Calcineurin Inhibitors in Transplantation: Pros, Cons, and Perspectives.
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Service de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France.
The concept of pharmacokinetic (PK) boosting of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) emerged after the FDA approval of cyclosporine-A. Several studies followed, and the proof of concept was well established by the late 1990s. This also continued for the next blockbuster immunosuppressant, tacrolimus.
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