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Disruption of extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets modulates extracellular space volume and geometry.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of macromolecules which has two forms - perineuronal nets (PNNs) and a diffuse ECM (dECM) - both influence brain development, synapse formation, neuroplasticity, CNS injury and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. ECM remodeling can influence extrasynaptic transmission, mediated by diffusion of neuroactive substances in the extracellular space (ECS). In this study we analyzed how disrupted PNNs and dECM influence brain diffusibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMemantine-induced functional rewiring of the glutamate synapse in the striatum of dopamine transporter knockout rats.
Br J Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Background And Purpose: Slow-acting biogenic amines, such as dopamine, are known to modulate fast neurotransmitters e.g. glutamate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeripheral GABA receptors - Physiological relevance and therapeutic implications.
Pharmacol Ther
February 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. Electronic address:
The role of γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA receptors is not only essential for neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS), but they are also involved in communication in various peripheral tissues such as the pancreas, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, trachea, immune cells and blood vessels. GABA receptors located outside the CNS ("peripheral GABA receptors") enable both neuronal and non-neuronal GABA-ergic signaling in various physiological processes and are generally thought to have similar properties to the extrasynaptic receptors in the CNS. By activating these peripheral receptors, GABA and various GABA receptor modulators, including drugs such as benzodiazepines and general anesthetics, may contribute to or otherwise affect the maintenance of general body homeostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynaptic and extrasynaptic distribution of NMDA receptors in the cortex of Alzheimer's disease patients.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
Background: Synaptic and extrasynaptic distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) has not been addressed in the brain from Alzheimer´s disease (AD) subjects, despite their contribution to neurodegeneration.
Methods: We have developed a protocol to isolate synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes from controls and AD frontal cortex. We characterized the distribution of the NMDAR subunits GluN2B, GluN2A, GluN1, and GluN3A, as well as post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation.
GluN3A and Excitatory Glycine Receptors in the Adult Hippocampus.
J Neurosci
October 2024
Faculty of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3V6, Canada
The GluN3A subunit of -methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) plays an established role in synapse development, but its contribution to neural circuits in the adult brain is less clear. Recent work has demonstrated that in select cell populations, GluN3A assembles with GluN1 to form GluN1/GluN3A receptors that are insensitive to glutamate and instead serve as functional excitatory glycine receptors (eGlyRs). Our understanding of these eGlyRs, and how they contribute to intrinsic excitability and synaptic communication within relevant networks of the developing and the mature brain, is only beginning to be uncovered.
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