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Challenges in Global Distribution and Equitable Access to Monkeypox Vaccines.
Viruses
November 2024
Seventh-Day Adventist College of Nursing, Ile-Ife 220103, Nigeria.
The monkeypox outbreak has grown beyond the regions in which it was considered endemic. It has spread from central and west Africa to non-endemic regions like Europe, America, and other parts of the world. It has recently been classified as a public health emergency of international concern.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlatform Technology in Global Vaccine Regulation: Development, Applications, and Regulatory Strategies with Insights from China.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Zone 2, No. 22 Guangde Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing 100076, China.
The concept of "platform technology" gained prominence after the Ebola outbreak and since then has become essential to international vaccine (prophylactic vaccines against infectious disease) regulatory frameworks. Its significance was further amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic, where platform technology enabled the rapid development and approval of vaccines, optimizing regulatory processes, and enhancing global public health responses. As a transformative tool, platform technology streamlines product development, allowing for the reduction in the number of clinical trials or exemption from certain clinical trials and facilitating cross-referencing in regulatory submissions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccination Coverage at Birth in Brazil: Spatial and Temporal Trends in the Impact of COVID-19 on Uptake of BCG and Hepatitis B Vaccines.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
Introduction: Vaccines are a significant public health achievement, which are crucial for child survival and disease control globally. In Brazil, the National Immunization Program (PNI) manages vaccination schedules, including essential vaccines like BCG and Hepatitis B, administered at birth. Despite achieving over 95% coverage for years, vaccination rates have declined since 2016, a trend exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine Strategies Against RNA Viruses: Current Advances and Future Directions.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
The development of vaccines against RNA viruses has undergone a rapid evolution in recent years, particularly driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines the key roles that RNA viruses, with their high mutation rates and zoonotic potential, play in fostering vaccine innovation. We also discuss both traditional and modern vaccine platforms and the impact of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, on optimizing immunization strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends in Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Land Soils of Tropical Islands in China (2000-2024): A Case Study on Hainan Island.
Toxics
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Earth Observation of Hainan Province, Hainan Aerospace Information Research Institute, Sanya 572022, China.
Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils has garnered increasing attention, yet research on the spatiotemporal trends of heavy metal pollution in tropical regions with multiple annual crop harvests remains limited. This study examines data from 41 studies published between 2000 and 2024, including 206 records from 4122 sampling points on Hainan Island in China, to investigate the spatial distribution and temporal trends of heavy metal pollution. The results reveal that the average concentrations of Cd, Pb, As, Cr, and Hg in surface soil samples from agricultural lands on Hainan Island are 0.
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