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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9185.92471 | DOI Listing |
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In the early stages of retinal development, a form of correlated activity known as retinal waves causes periodic depolarizations of immature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Retinal waves are crucial for refining visual maps in the brain's retinofugal targets and for the development of retinal circuits underlying feature detection, such as direction selectivity. Yet, how waves alter gene expression in immature RGCs is poorly understood, particularly at the level of the many distinct types of RGCs that underlie the retina's ability to encode diverse visual features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnostic and Therapeutic Microbial Circuit with Application to Intestinal Inflammation.
ACS Synth Biol
December 2024
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.
Bacteria genetically engineered to execute defined therapeutic and diagnostic functions in physiological settings can be applied to colonize the human microbiome, providing in situ surveillance and conditional disease modulation. However, many engineered microbes can only respond to single-input environmental factors, limiting their tunability, precision, and effectiveness as living diagnostic and therapeutic systems. For engineering microbes to improve complex chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, the bacteria must respond to combinations of stimuli in the proper context and time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCircuit function is more robust to changes in synaptic than intrinsic conductances.
bioRxiv
September 2024
Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
Circuit function results from both intrinsic conductances of network neurons and the synaptic conductances that connect them. In models of neural circuits, different combinations of maximal conductances can give rise to similar activity. We compared the robustness of a neural circuit to changes in their intrinsic versus synaptic conductances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Vitro Comparison of Aerosol Delivery in High-Frequency Assisted Airway Clearance Devices With Integrated Nebulizers.
Respir Care
September 2024
Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington. Respiratory Therapy Department, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.
Background: High-frequency assisted airway clearance systems combine positive expiratory pressure or oscillatory positive airway pressure with integrated nebulizers to improve the delivery of aerosols and assist with airway clearance. This aerosol study evaluated lung delivery efficiency during positive expiratory pressure and oscillatory positive airway pressure therapy of 2 high-frequency assisted airway clearance/nebulizer systems.
Methods: Aerosol delivery was evaluated during positive expiratory pressure therapy of 10 cm HO and oscillatory positive airway pressure therapy of 20 cm HO with the BiWaze Clear and the Volara high-frequency assisted airway clearance/nebulizer systems.
High-Performance Gate-Controlled Superconducting Switches: Large Output Voltage and Reproducibility.
ACS Nano
July 2024
Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
Logic circuits consist of devices that can be controlled between two distinct states. The recent demonstration that a superconducting current flowing in a constriction can be controlled via a gate voltage ()─gate-controlled supercurrent (GCS)─can lead to superconducting logic with better performance than existing logics. However, before such logic is developed, high reproducibility in the functioning of GCS devices and optimization of their performance must be achieved.
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