The inhomogeneous distribution of topically applied substances due to decisive differences in the skin structure (furrows and wrinkles) affects the efficacy of cosmetic products, in particular sunscreens. The combination of tape stripping and optical spectroscopy results in absorption data, which reflect ex vivo the inhomogeneity of the in vivo distribution of topically applied substances. Based on these data, a factor of inhomogeneity is defined describing the individual distribution of formulations on the skin surface of volunteers. Thus, the influence of different skin surface structures and the influence of different formulations on the distribution of the topically applied substances can be determined. Analyzing the inhomogeneity data on 6 volunteers (5 sunscreens per volunteer), it was found that the influence on the distribution of sunscreens caused by the formulation was higher than the inhomogeneity originating from the differences in the skin surface structure of the volunteers. The method is well suited to characterize, for example, sunscreens and antiaging creams in the process of development, as well as for the evaluation of the final products.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000336246 | DOI Listing |
Tuberk Toraks
December 2024
Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Türkiye.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiofouling
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Department of Microbiology, American Dental Association Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
In this study, we evaluated the impact of Epigalocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on biofilm development for 24 and 46 h using high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy. EGCG treatment led to the formation of interspaced exopolysaccharide (EPS)-microcolony complexes unevenly distributed on the surface of hydroxyapatite disc, forming a thinner and less complex biofilm structure with significantly reduced biomass, matrix volume, and thickness compared to the NaCl treated group (negative control). At 46 h, the biofilm of the EGCG-treatment group failed to form the bacterial-EPS superstructures which is characteristic of the biofilm in the negative control group.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFLin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi
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The objective of this study is to analyze the detection rate, the pathogenic fungus distribution, risk factors and drug sensitivity of fungal infection of external auditory canal in patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media. The data of a total of 419 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media or middle ear cholesteatoma who were admitted from January 2019 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 419 patients were included, and 71 patients(16.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeorgian Med News
October 2024
European University, Department of Dermatology, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Unlabelled: Nevi developed in children are one of the topical issues of pediatric dermatology. The constant change in size and shape often worries parents, and unnecessary removal of the nevi is planned. The development of accompanying scars and sometimes recurring nevi presents a new problem for parents and dermatologists.
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