Pancreas transplantation.

SPK transplant is the definitive treatment of type 1 diabetes combined with end-stage renal disease. Long-term graft function can lead to improvement in diabetes-related complications and, in patients younger than 50 years, can lead to improved overall survival. PAK transplant and PA transplant do not result in similar improvements in patient survival, but with appropriate patient selection, they can improve quality of life by rendering patients insulin-free. Pancreas transplant is associated with more surgical complications and higher perioperative morbidity and mortality than KTA. Therefore, careful donor and recipient selection along with meticulous surgical technique are mandatory for optimal outcomes.