Yellow brain culinary-medicinal mushroom, Tremella mesenterica Ritz.:Fr. (higher Basidiomycetes), is subjectively but not objectively effective for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a prospective controlled trial.

Inhibitory effects of the higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms, including species of genus Tremella, on the growth of Helicobacter pyroli (Hp) have been described. This study aimed to test T. mesenterica (Tm) efficacy in vivo on eradication of Hp. This IRB-approved study included 52 consenting patients diagnosed with Hp infections. The patients were selected for 10-day treatments with one of the three arms of the protocol, namely, (i) Tm 2 g, (ii) Tm given with omeprazole 20 mg, or (iii) omeprazole 20 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, and amoxicillin 1000 mg (all regimens given twice daily). The Tm submerged cultivated mycelium in the form of tablets (1 g) was supplied free of charge to patients. Three weeks after completing the therapy, breath testing was assessed for Hp eradication. The patients who took the standard triple therapy had a 70% (n = 14) eradication rate of Hp. Of the patients taking Tm, with and without omeprazole, only one had a breath test indicative of eradication of Hp, p < 0.000. Tm-treated patients had fewer adverse events and equivalent symptomatic relief. Limitations of this study include the brief duration of Tm therapy. Longer treatment might achieve better results, but was judged to be not warranted, so as to not excessively further delay accepted therapy. Ten-day Tm was not found to be effective in vivo in eradicating Hp, whether if given with or without omeprazole. Significant symptomatic relief found among Tm-treated patients suggests that further study of Tm is well justified.