Intermittent exotropia is a type of strabismus between exophoria and constant exotropia. The onset age is usually one to four years old. Different from other types of strabismus, intermittent exotropia patient can maintain normal binocular vision in a long period of time. So how to choose the optimal timing and effective treatment is a challenge for clinicians. The objective of this article is to review the recent research progress of intermittent exotropia, including the severity classification, non-surgical treatment, timing of surgery and surgical methods, overcorrection and under correction treatment etc., and give some recommendations for the treatment of intermittent exotropia.
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Whole-exome sequencing uncovers the genetic basis of hereditary concomitant exotropia in ten Chinese pedigrees.
BMC Med Genomics
January 2025
The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
Purpose: To explore possible pathogenic genes for concomitant exotropia using whole-exome sequencing.
Methods: In this study, 47 individuals from 10 concomitant exotropia (including intermittent exotropia and constant exotropia) pedigrees were enrolled. Whole-exome sequencing was used to screen mutational profiles in 25 affected individuals and 10 unaffected individuals.
Surgical outcomes and etiological considerations in intermittent exotropia: a systematic narrative review.
Strabismus
January 2025
Departament d'Òptica i Optometria (DOO), Facultat d'Òptica i Optometria de Terrassa (FOOT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · BarcelonaTech (UPC), Terrassa, Spain.
: Is Intermittent Exotropia being conceived and treated as an ocular-mechanical problem? Is etiology taken into account when planning for intervention? Which success criteria are used? Are they based on alignment or do they also consider visual function? In order to answer these questions, a review of studies assessing the outcomes of strabismus surgery in Intermittent Exotropia has been conducted. : published between January 2003 and December 2023 were included. The database searched was MEDLINE following a predefined protocol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To compare changes of vertical palpebral fissure height after bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recessions versus unilateral lateral rectus (LR) recession and medial rectus (MR) muscle scleral plication, for treatment of intermittent exotropia.
Methods: This prospective, comparative, randomized study included 40 patients with intermittent exotropia who were divided into two groups: 20 patients who underwent BLR recessions (BLR recession group) and 20 patients who underwent unilateral LR recession and MR muscle scleral plication (recession-plication group). Eyelid evaluation included measurement of margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and margin reflex distance 2 (MRD2) at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively.
[Paying attention to problems and countermeasures in intermittent exotropia surgery].
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China.
Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is the most common type of strabismus, with surgical interventions standing as its main therapeutic modality. In recent years, with the rapid development of the strabismus and pediatric ophthalmology subspecialties, surgical correction for IXT has become a routine practice across numerous institutions in China. However, the surgical success rate is not high and tends to decline with longer follow-up periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical features in patients with acquired intermittent and constant exotropia who underwent surgery.
BMC Ophthalmol
December 2024
School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: acquired exotropia mostly manifests as an intermittent form, and very few cases show constant exotrpia. However, the differences in the clinical features of the constant and intermittent exotropia patients has not been clear yet.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 6159 patients with exotropia from 2012 to 2022 in Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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