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Current knowledge and future research on infant feeding in the context of HIV: basic, clinical, behavioral, and programmatic perspectives. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • In 2008, breastfeeding was linked to a significant number of pediatric HIV infections worldwide, highlighting the complex balance between the benefits of breastfeeding and the risks associated with HIV transmission.
  • The review provides insights into infant feeding guidelines over the past two decades, detailing the evolving recommendations in both high-income and low-income countries for infants affected by HIV.
  • Future research recommendations focus on a holistic approach to preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, emphasizing the importance of psychosocial factors and integration with maternal health services, along with various innovative strategies to improve breastfeeding practices and safety.

Article Abstract

In 2008, between 129,000 and 194,000 of the 430,000 pediatric HIV infections worldwide were attributable to breastfeeding. Yet in many settings, the health, economic, and social consequences of not breastfeeding would have dire consequences for many more children. In the first part of this review we provide an overview of current knowledge about infant feeding in the context of HIV. Namely, we describe the benefits and risks of breastmilk, the evolution of recommended infant feeding modalities in high-income and low-income countries in the last two decades, and contextualize the recently revised guidelines for infant feeding in the context of HIV current knowledge. In the second section, we suggest areas for future research on the postnatal prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in developing and industrialized countries. We suggest two shifts in perspective. The first is to evaluate PMTCT interventions more holistically, to include the psychosocial and economic consequences as well as the biomedical ones. The second shift in perspective should be one that contextualizes postnatal PMTCT efforts in the cascade of maternal health services. We conclude by discussing basic, clinical, behavioral, and programmatic research questions pertaining to a number of PMTCT efforts, including extended postnatal ARV prophylaxis, exclusive breastfeeding promotion, counseling, breast milk pasteurization, breast milk banking, novel techniques for making breast milk safer, and optimal breastfeeding practices. We believe the research efforts outlined here will maximize the number of healthy, thriving, HIV-free children around the world.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090166PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.110.000224DOI Listing

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