Unlabelled: Investigations on the prevalence rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) around the world have yielded important clues on the interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. As Brazil is a huge country laid on many latitudes and inhabited by population with distinct ethnic backgrounds, it might be assumed that the frequency of MS varies in its different regions.
Objective: To determine the prevalence rate of MS in Belo Horizonte, the capital of the State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil.
Methods: We used six sources to draw up a provisional list of identified cases of MS. Only patients with diagnosis of clinically definite MS according to Poser Committee criteria were included.
Results: The calculated crude MS prevalence was 18.1/100,000 inhabitants.
Conclusions: The MS prevalence in Belo Horizonte is similar to that found in São Paulo and Botucatu, two other cities in southeastern Brazil with similar ethnic background.
From Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (F.M.W.); LBG Consulting, Philadelphia (L.B.G.), and Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern (P.C.M., G.M., M.D., T.H.) - both in Pennsylvania; Fortrea, Burlington, NC (P.M.); and DaneStat Consulting, Macclesfield, United Kingdom (A.D.).
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales species and multidrug-resistant are global health threats. Cefepime-taniborbactam is an investigational β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combination with activity against Enterobacterales species and expressing serine and metallo-β-lactamases.
Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned hospitalized adults with complicated urinary tract infection (UTI), including acute pyelonephritis, in a 2:1 ratio to receive intravenous cefepime-taniborbactam (2.
Importance: The effectiveness of checklists, daily goal assessments, and clinician prompts as quality improvement interventions in intensive care units (ICUs) is uncertain.
Objective: To determine whether a multifaceted quality improvement intervention reduces the mortality of critically ill adults.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This study had 2 phases.
From the *David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; †Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; ‡Westat, Rockville, MD; §Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; ¶Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator, US Department of State, Washington, DC; ∥Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA; **Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; ††Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil; and ‡‡Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) can lead to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. The prevalence of STIs and its association with HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) were evaluated in a substudy analysis from a randomized, multicenter clinical trial.
Methodology: Urine samples from HIV-infected pregnant women collected at the time of labor and delivery were tested using polymerase chain reaction testing for the detection of CT and NG (Xpert CT/NG; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA).
Department of Infectious Disease and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
The study investigates the relationship between Trypanosoma cruzi DNA detection in blood and the severity of Chagas heart disease, particularly in antibody-positive patients.
Researchers conducted a case-control study with 499 seropositive blood donors and 101 patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy, using health assessments and PCR testing to analyze T. cruzi DNA presence.
Findings show that higher rates of T. cruzi DNA detection correlate with more severe cardiomyopathy, indicating that the parasite's persistence may contribute to the progression of the disease.
