Kidney grafts with multiple renal arteries is no longer a relative contraindication with advance in surgical techniques of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.

Objectives: Kidney grafts with multiple renal arteries were considered as a relative contraindication. We retrospectively reviewed our experience of kidney grafts with multiple renal arteries to clarify the usefulness of these grafts.

Methods: Between September 2002 and June 2011, 100 laparoscopic donor nephrectomies (LDNs) were performed consecutively. Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography was routinely performed preoperatively. Donor demographics, operative characteristics, donor and recipients perioperative complications, and donor and recipient outcomes were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: Eighty-nine donors had single (group A1) and 11 donors had multiple renal arteries (group B1). Multiple arteries caused by application of the vascular stapler were found in another six donors. Overall, 17 kidney grafts required bench arterial reconstruction (group B2). The other 83 donors with single renal artery did not require further arterial reconstruction (group A2). There was a significant increase of warm ischemic time in the group of multiple renal arteries. There were no significant difference between groups A1 and B1 in regard to donor demographics, operative characteristics, and donor outcome. Kidney grafts requiring vascular reconstruction experienced equal immediate and long-term allograft outcomes with those of group A2. The actuarial 1-, 3-, and 5-year allograft survival rates were also comparable in both groups (95.4%, 92.6%, 92.6% in group A2 and 100%, 100%, 100% in group B2).

Conclusion: LDN in the presence of multiple renal arteries is feasible and safe. Both immediate and long-term allograft outcomes are comparable between kidney grafts with and without vascular reconstruction. Kidney grafts with multiple renal arteries are no longer a relative contraindication with advanced LDN surgical techniques.