Genetic screening and counseling have become routinely offered during prenatal care in the United States, involving invasive and noninvasive options for assessing fetal genetics. As DNA testing continues to expand proportionately to the increasing ability to detect genetic variations, ethical and fiscal concerns arise. Societal shifts, such as delayed childbearing and the associated genetic consequences, have made antenatal genetic screening more common. Still, genetic screening may be confounded by inaccurate information, false-positives, socioeconomic barriers to testing, and cultural differences. This article reviews these concerns and provides a framework for training in family medicine obstetrics training.
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Pig production is an agricultural sector of great economic and social relevance to Brazil and global markets. Feed efficiency traits directly influence the sustainability of pig production due to the economic impact of feed costs on the production system and the environmental footprint of the industry. Therefore, breeding for improved feed efficiency has been a target of worldwide pig breeding programs.
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Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
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