Neurofascin (NF) is a cell surface protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Different polypeptides of 186, 180, 166 and 155 kDa are generated by alternative splicing. Expression of these isoforms is temporally and spatially regulated and can be roughly grouped into embryonic, adult and glial expression. NF interacts with many different interaction partners both extra- and intracellularly. Interactions of NF166 and NF180 selectively regulate mechanisms of plasticity like neurite outgrowth and the formation postsynaptic components. By contrast, NF155 and NF186 confer stabilization of neural structures by interaction with voltage-gated sodium channels and ankyrinG at axon initial segments (AIS) or nodes of Ranvier as well as neuron-glia interactions at the paranodes. Alternatively spliced isoforms of neurofascin may therefore balance dynamic and stabilizing mechanisms of the CNS.
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IgG4-Mediated Neurologic Autoimmunities: Understanding the Pathogenicity of IgG4, Ineffectiveness of IVIg, and Long-Lasting Benefits of Anti-B Cell Therapies.
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
January 2022
From Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and the University of Athens Medical School, Greece.
Background And Objectives: Describe the unique functions of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in IgG4-neurologic disorders (IgG4-ND) and explain why, in contrast to their IgG1-counterparts, they respond poorly to intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) but effectively to anti-B cell therapies.
Methods: The IgG4 structure and isotype switch, B cells and plasmablasts relevant to IgG4 production, and IgG4-induced disruption of the targeted antigens are reviewed and compared with IgG1-mediated autoimmune ND, where IVIg inhibits IgG1-triggered inflammatory effects.
Results: The main IgG4-ND include muscle-specific kinase myasthenia; nodal/paranodal chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with antibodies to neurofascin-155, contactin-1/caspr-1, or pan-neurofascins; antileucine-rich, glioma-inactivated-1 and contactin-associated protein-like 2 associated-limbic encephalitis, Morvan syndrome, or neuromyotonia; and anti-IgLON5 disorder.
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Front Neurol
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Translational Neuroscience Center, Graduate School of Medicine, and School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). A small number of CIDP patients harbors autoantibodies against nodal/paranodal proteins, such as neurofascin 155 (NF155), contactin 1, and contactin-associated protein 1. In most cases, the predominant immunoglobulin (IgG) subclass is IgG4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe paranodal junctions flank mature nodes of Ranvier and provide a barrier between ion channels at the nodes and juxtaparanodes. These junctions also promote node assembly and maintenance by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we examine their role in the accumulation of NF186, a key adhesion molecule of PNS and CNS nodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurofascin: a switch between neuronal plasticity and stability.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol
May 2012
Dept. Molecular Biology, Naturwissenschaftliches und Medizinisches Institut an der Universität Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany.
Neurofascin (NF) is a cell surface protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Different polypeptides of 186, 180, 166 and 155 kDa are generated by alternative splicing. Expression of these isoforms is temporally and spatially regulated and can be roughly grouped into embryonic, adult and glial expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA regulated switch of chick neurofascin isoforms modulates ligand recognition and neurite extension.
Mol Cell Neurosci
February 2006
NMI Naturwissenschaftliches und Medizinisches Institut an der Universität Tübingen, NMI, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany.
Neural cell adhesion molecule neurofascin regulates the induction of neurite outgrowth, the establishment of synaptic connectivity and myelination. Neurofascin isoforms are generated by spatially and temporally controlled alternative splicing. Isoform NF166 is predominantly expressed in dorsal root ganglia from embryonal day 5 (E5) to E8, and a further neurofascin isoform NF185 appears at E9.
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