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Smart Imitator: Learning from Imperfect Clinical Decisions.
J Am Med Inform Assoc
January 2025
Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, 117602, Singapore.
Objectives: This study introduces Smart Imitator (SI), a 2-phase reinforcement learning (RL) solution enhancing personalized treatment policies in healthcare, addressing challenges from imperfect clinician data and complex environments.
Materials And Methods: Smart Imitator's first phase uses adversarial cooperative imitation learning with a novel sample selection schema to categorize clinician policies from optimal to nonoptimal. The second phase creates a parameterized reward function to guide the learning of superior treatment policies through RL.
Breaking a barrier: In trans vlsE recombination and genetic manipulation of the native vlsE gene of the Lyme disease pathogen.
PLoS Pathog
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America.
Host-pathogen interactions represent a dynamic evolutionary process, wherein both hosts and pathogens continuously develop complex mechanisms to outmaneuver each other. Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease pathogen, has evolved an intricate antigenic variation mechanism to evade the host immune response, enabling its dissemination, persistence, and pathogenicity. Despite the discovery of this mechanism over two decades ago, the precise processes, genetic elements, and proteins involved in this system remain largely unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnsupervised clustering of intraventricular hemodynamic forces for the phenotyping of left-ventricular function in non-ischemic left ventricular cardiomyopathy.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging
January 2025
Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is essential for diagnosing cardiomyopathy, serving as the gold standard for assessing heart chamber volumes and tissue characterization. Hemodynamic forces (HDF) analysis, a novel approach using standard cine CMR images, estimates energy exchange between the left ventricular (LV) wall and blood. While prior research has focused on peak or mean longitudinal HDF values, this study aims to investigate whether unsupervised clustering of HDF curves can identify clinically significant patterns and stratify cardiovascular risk in non-ischemic LV cardiomyopathy (NILVC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFractional and stochastic modeling of breast cancer progression with real data validation.
PLoS One
January 2025
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
This study presents a novel approach to modeling breast cancer dynamics, one of the most significant health threats to women worldwide. Utilizing a piecewise mathematical framework, we incorporate both deterministic and stochastic elements of cancer progression. The model is divided into three distinct phases: (1) initial growth, characterized by a constant-order Caputo proportional operator (CPC), (2) intermediate growth, modeled by a variable-order CPC, and (3) advanced stages, capturing stochastic fluctuations in cancer cell populations using a stochastic operator.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunoinformatics design of a novel multiepitope vaccine candidate against non-typhoidal salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Kentucky using outer membrane proteins A, C, and F.
PLoS One
January 2025
Foot and Mouth Disease Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
The global public health risk posed by Salmonella Kentucky (S. Kentucky) is rising, particularly due to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in human and animal populations. This serovar, widespread in Africa, has emerged as a notable cause of non-typhoidal gastroenteritis in humans.
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