Callus lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistant to aluminum toxicity and osmotic stress from which plants regenerated were obtained in selective systems. Comparative estimation of the intensity of lipid peroxidation, the content of anthocyans and ascorbic acid in leaves, the parameters of CO2/H2O gas exchange in leaves of regenerant plants obtained in selective mediums with gradual addition of aluminum ions and polyethylene glycol and in mediums without selective agents was performed in conditions of an artificial climate. The obtained data were compared with biochemical and physiological parameters of barley plants of the initial genotypes grown in the same conditions. Significant changes in the intensity of apparent photosynthesis, transpiration, and efficacy of water use by barley leaves were revealed as a result of callus culturing and especially due to the use of selective systems in vitro.
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