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Dorsal-ventral patterning of neural progenitors in the posterior neural tube, which gives rise to the spinal cord, has served as a model system to understand how extracellular signals organize developing tissues. While previous work has shown that signaling gradients diversify progenitor fates at the dorsal and ventral ends of the tissue, the basis of fate specification in intermediate regions has remained unclear. Here we use zebrafish to investigate the neural plate, which precedes neural tube formation, and show that its pre-patterning by a distinct signaling environment enables intermediate fate specification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrefrontal cortex synchronization with the hippocampus and parietal cortex is strategy-dependent during spatial learning.
Commun Biol
January 2025
Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
During spatial learning, subjects progressively adjust their navigation strategies as they acquire experience. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) supports this operation, for which it may integrate information from distributed networks, such as the hippocampus (HPC) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). However, the mechanism underlying the prefrontal coordination with HPC and PPC during spatial learning is poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing the Effectiveness of Histaglobulin in Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria: A Retrospective Analysis at a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Cureus
December 2024
Dermatology, C.U. Shah Medical College and Hospital, Surendranagar, IND.
Introduction Chronic urticaria is a transient cutaneous disorder that waxes and wanes swiftly but, due to its periodic episodes, declines the quality of life of the affected individuals. It is of two types: chronic spontaneous or idiopathic and chronic-induced urticaria. Urticaria can have many different causes, but one of the most common causes of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is autoimmune.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemporally dissociable neural representations of pitch height and chroma.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
The extraction and analysis of pitch underpin speech and music recognition, sound segregation, and other auditory tasks. Perceptually, pitch can be represented as a helix composed of two factors: height monotonically aligns with frequency, while chroma cyclically repeats at doubled frequencies. Although the early perceptual and neurophysiological mechanisms for extracting pitch from acoustic signals have been extensively investigated, the equally essential subsequent stages that bridge to high-level auditory cognition remain less well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSafety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of the antituberculosis drug candidate BTZ-043 in South Africa (PanACEA-BTZ-043-02): an open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial.
Lancet Microbe
December 2024
Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection, and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany; Unit Global Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address:
Background: The broad use of bedaquiline and pretomanid as the mainstay of new regimens to combat tuberculosis is a risk due to increasing bedaquiline resistance. We aimed to assess the safety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of BTZ-043, a first-in-class DprE1 inhibitor with strong bactericidal activity in murine models.
Methods: This open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial was conducted in two specialised tuberculosis sites in Cape Town, South Africa.
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