For a given illumination source brightness, the transmitted flux of common single-aperture projection optics scales with all three system dimensions, thus preventing the realization of slim devices along with a high lumen output. In this article we introduce a multichannel approach, called "array projector," which breaks this constraint, thus enabling the realization of ultraslim but high flux systems with inherent homogenization for still image content. The concept is based on regular two-dimensional arrangements of absorbing object structures and projective microlenses superposing their individual images on the screen. After deriving first-order scaling laws for the multichannel projector in contrast to common single-aperture optics, specification of system parameters is shown considering aberrations of a single-channel and collective effects of the array. The technological realization of a sample system is shown and characterized in terms of modulation transfer, homogeneity, depth of focus and flux.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.51.000064 | DOI Listing |
Nanoscale Adv
January 2025
Energy Masteries Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo 11835 Egypt
Laser surface alloying of Fe, Si, and C on aluminium is demonstrated using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as the source of energy. The fundamental wavelength of the laser beam was 1064 nm with an output energy of 100 mJ and a pulse duration of 10 ns. The exposure was conducted in repetitive mode with a frequency rate of 1 Hz.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Nanopatterning-Nanoanalysis-Photonic Materials Group, Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Warburgerstr. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.
Measurements in general are limited in accuracy by the presence of noise. This also holds true for highly sophisticated scintillation-based CCD cameras, as they are used in medical applications, astronomy or transmission electron microscopy. Further, signals measured with pixelated detectors are convolved with the inherent detector point spread function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia. Electronic address:
Significant progress has been made over the past decade with pilot scale polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by direct accumulation using municipal waste activated sludge (WAS). However, industrial upscaling experiences are still lacking in the research literature. In this study, a demonstration scale (4 m) PHA production process was operated using industrially relevant equipment and compared favourably to those from parallel pilot scale (200 L) production runs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biotechnol
January 2025
Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.
The field of gene therapy has witnessed significant advancements in the utilization of Adeno-associated virus (AAV) owing to its inherent biological advantages. Targeted AAV vectors are generated through genetic or chemical modification of the capsid for user-directed purposes. However, this process can result in imbalances in viral protein sequence homogeneity, stoichiometry, and functional transduction vector units, thereby introducing new challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
Electrochemical oxidation of small molecules shows great promise to substitute oxygen evolution reaction (OER) or hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) to enhance reaction kinetics and reduce energy consumption, as well as produce high-valued chemicals or serve as fuels. For these oxidation reactions, high-valence metal sites generated at oxidative potentials are typically considered as active sites to trigger the oxidation process of small molecules. Isolated atom site catalysts (IASCs) have been developed as an ideal system to precisely regulate the oxidation state and coordination environment of single-metal centers, and thus optimize their catalytic property.
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