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Components of social accountability in medical education: a scoping review.
BMC Med Educ
March 2025
Department of Medical Emergencies, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran.
Background: Currently, medical education considers community-centered needs, and in this regard, the concept of social accountability has been introduced. The main challenge of medical schools in the twenty-first century is the responsibility of achieving community-based medical education, which is related to the health needs of the community, and medical sciences' graduates can provide the best healthcare. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to determine the most important components of social accountability in medical education.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdaptive Cost-Benefit Control Fueled by Striatal Dopamine.
Annu Rev Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; email:
The twenty-first century has brought forth a deluge of theories and data shedding light on the neural mechanisms of motivated behavior. Much of this progress has focused on dopaminergic dynamics, including their signaling properties (how do they vary with expectations and outcomes?) and their downstream impacts in target regions (how do they affect learning and behavior?). In parallel, the basal ganglia have been elevated from their original implication in motoric function to a canonical circuit facilitating the initiation, invigoration, and selection of actions across levels of abstraction, from motor to cognitive operations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Naked Neurosurgeon and the Anatomy of a Complication.
Acta Neurochir Suppl
November 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosciences, Apollo Specialty Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Article Synopsis
- The paper explores the significant risk of complications faced by neurosurgeons and emphasizes the need for understanding these complications to improve surgical outcomes.
- It references historical publications by notable surgeons, highlighting how literature has shaped the field of complication management in neurosurgery.
- The author argues that staying informed about complications is crucial for both individual surgeon's development and the overall advancement of surgical practice.
Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
J Biomed Sci
November 2024
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist., Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are common complications of diabetes, arising from insulin resistance, inflammation, and other pathological processes in the central nervous system. The potential of numerous antidiabetic agents to modify neurodegenerative disease progression, both preclinically and clinically, has been assessed. These agents may provide additional therapeutic benefits beyond glycemic control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrustrative Nonreward: Behavior, Circuits, Neurochemistry, and Disorders.
J Neurosci
October 2024
Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda Maryland 20892.
Article Synopsis
- Frustrative nonreward (FNR) is an emotional response triggered by the lack of essential resources (like food or social interaction), affecting behaviors and physical health.
- FNR plays a role in various issues like irritability, aggression, motivation disorders, and social behavior, suggesting it’s important for understanding mental health.
- Recent interest in FNR has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which heightened its effects, leading to more research on animal models and brain mechanisms linked to psychiatric disorders.
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