Light is an important environmental factor for almost all organisms. It is mainly used as an energy source but it is also a key factor for the regulation of multiple cellular functions. Light as the extracellular stimulus is thereby converted into an intracellular signal by photoreceptors that act as signal transducers. The blue-light receptor YtvA, a bacterial counterpart of plant phototropins, is involved in the stress response of Bacillus subtilis. The mechanism behind its activation, however, remains unknown. It was suggested based on fluorescence spectroscopic studies that YtvA function involves GTP binding and that this interaction is altered by absorption of light. We have investigated this interaction by several biophysical methods and show here using fluorescence spectroscopy, ITC titrations, and three NMR spectroscopic assays that while YtvA interacts with BODIPY-GTP as a fluorescent GTP analogue originally used for the detection of GTP binding, it does not bind GTP.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256143 | PMC |
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0029201 | PLOS |
Cell Host Microbe
December 2024
CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:
Plant stomata open in response to blue light, allowing gas exchange and water transpiration. However, open stomata are potential entry points for pathogens. Whether plants can sense pathogens and mount defense responses upon stomatal opening and how blue-light cues are integrated to balance growth-defense trade-offs are poorly characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.
The Blue Light Using FAD (BLUF) photoreceptor utilizes a noncovalently bound FAD to absorb light and trigger the initial ultrafast events in receptor activation. FAD undergoes 1 and 2 electron reduction as an enzyme redox cofactor, and studies on the BLUF photoreceptor PixD revealed the formation of flavin radicals (FAD and FADH) during the photocycle, supporting a general mechanism for BLUF operation that involves PCET from a conserved Tyr to the oxidized FAD. However, no radical intermediates are observed in the closely related BLUF proteins AppA and BlsA, and replacing the conserved Tyr with fluoro-Tyr analogs that increase the acidity of the phenol OH has a minor effect on AppA photoactivation in contrast to PixD where the photocycle is halted at FAD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi
October 2024
the First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523710, China the Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808, China.
This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of Huangqin Decoction(HQD) in treating ulcerative colitis(UC) by investigating the relationship between tryptophan metabolism and intestinal barriers. In the in vivo experiments, 3% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) was used to induce a mouse model of acute colitis, with mesalazine as a positive control. The therapeutic effect of HQD on mice with UC was evaluated according to body weight, disease activity index(DAI), colon length, and pathological changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Light is a major determinant of plant growth and survival. NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) acts as a receptor for salicylic acid (SA) and serves as the key regulator of SA-mediated immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which plants integrate light and SA signals in response to environmental changes, as well as the role of NPR1 in regulating plant photomorphogenesis, remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Bot
December 2024
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
Stomata, the small pores on the surfaces of leaves and stems, are crucial for gas exchange in plants and also play a role in defense against pathogens. The stomatal movement is not only influenced by surrounding light conditions but also by the presence of foliar pathogens. To put it more crisply, certain light wavelengths such as blue or strong red light, cause stomatal opening, which tragically makes it easier for bacteria to enter through opened stomata and causes disease progression in plants.
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