Background: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with increased prevalence of kidney stones, yet the specific stone type remains largely unknown. This study was conducted to assess whether risk factors associated with calcium nephrolithiasis increase with individual characteristics of the MS.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 109 non-stone-forming subjects and 128 recurrent calcium stone formers from Dallas, Texas. A separate analysis was performed in 140 recurrent calcium stone formers from Bern, Switzerland. Demographic, anthropometric, serum and urinary profiles were measured.
Results: In non-stone formers from Dallas, urinary calcium (3.6 ± 1.8 to 6.0 ± 2.9 mmol/day, P = 0.0003 for trend, zero to four features) increased with increasing features of the MS. This change was attendant with a significant rise in supersaturation index (SI) of calcium oxalate (CaOx) (2.76 ± 1.21 to 4.45 ± 1.65, P < 0.0001; zero to four features). In calcium stone formers from Dallas, urinary calcium marginally increased (5.2 ± 2.3 to 7.0 ± 4.0 mmol/day, P = 0.09; zero to four features), while urinary oxalate (356 ± 141 to 504 ± 203 μmol/day, P = 0.001; zero to four features) and SI CaOx (4.46 ± 1.80 to 6.16 ± 3.71, P = 0.009; zero to four features) significantly increased with features of the MS. However, when adjusted for confounding variables such as total volume, age, gender, urine sodium and urine sulfate, urinary calcium and SI CaOx showed no significant changes in stone formers yet remained significant in non-stone formers. In a separate cohort from Bern, Switzerland urinary calcium (6.9 ± 3.6 versus 7.0 ± 3.2, P = 0.8) and SI CaOx (3.37 ± 1.98 versus 4.04 ± 2.78, P = 0.5) did not differ between subjects with and without the MS.
Conclusions: In non-stone formers, the risk of CaOx stone formation increases with the number of features of the MS. However, in stone-forming subjects, the propensity for CaOx precipitation is much higher but is not independently associated with increasing features of the MS.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3408934 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfr703 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Re-defining the interpretation of 24-h urine studies for stone formers.
BJU Int
January 2025
Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Objectives: To identify associations between 24-h urine abnormalities and clinical risk factors for recurrent stone formers.
Patients And Methods: The Registry for Stones of the Kidney and Ureter was queried for all patients who underwent 24-h urine studies. Patients were categorised by the number of clinical risk factors for recurrent stone disease.
Aortic Calcification in Patients with Nephrolithiasis: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.
Med J Islam Repub Iran
October 2024
Department of Urology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Nephrolithiasis is a common condition that has been linked to various systemic diseases. Recent studies have suggested that young patients with nephrolithiasis are at increased risk of developing premature atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between nephrolithiasis and systemic disease by examining the association between aortic calcification and the severity of kidney stone disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Newly Dated Late Pleistocene and Holocene Archaeological Assemblage from Bukhtarma Cave in the Southern Altai Piedmont, East Kazakhstan.
J Paleolit Archaeol
July 2024
Laboratory of Theriology, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
The Altai mountains contain a number of cave and rockshelter sites that have given crucial information about human evolution in Asia. Most of these caves are located in the Gornyi Altai of Siberia, while the southern flank of the range remains much less known. Bukhtarma Cave was a karstic cave located near the former village of Peshchera, on the banks of the Bukhtarma River running through the foothills of the southern (Kazakh) Altai mountains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmpagliflozin in nondiabetic individuals with calcium and uric acid kidney stones: a randomized phase 2 trial.
Nat Med
January 2025
Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated the effectiveness of empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in preventing kidney stones in nondiabetic adults with a history of calcium or uric acid stones.
- The trial involved 53 participants who were given either empagliflozin or a placebo in a crossover design, focusing on changes in urine supersaturation ratios relevant to stone recurrence.
- Results showed significant reductions in urine supersaturation ratios for calcium phosphate in calcium stone formers and uric acid in uric acid stone formers, indicating that empagliflozin may help prevent certain types of kidney stones without serious side effects.
Introduction: Free radical-mediated oxidative renal tubular injury secondary to hyperoxaluria is a proposed mechanism in the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Vitamin E, an important physiologic antioxidant, has been shown in rat models to prevent calcium oxalate crystal deposition. Our objective was to determine if low dietary vitamin E intake was associated with a higher incidence of stones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!