Splicing of pre-mRNA is one of the post-transcriptional modifications in which introns are removed from primary transcript and exons are joined. pre-mRNA splicing reactions are catalyzed by dynamic complex called spliceosome. Exons can be joined on different manners in a process known as alternative splicing, that provide production of multiple mRNA and protein isoforms from relatively low number of genes. Alternative splicing is regulated by cis elements localized within exons or introns and trans-acting factors including spliceosome components and members of the SR and hnRNP protein family that exert antagonistic effects on splicing. Aberrant pre-mRNA splicing may be caused by mutations in cis elements and altered expression of splicing factors. This review describes disturbances in splicing of genes controlling proliferation and metastasis that can lead to tumoral transformation. Also, potential applications of abnormally spliced transcripts that may potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers of cancer or targets in anticancer therapy are discussed.
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