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Alpha-synuclein expression in GnRH neurons of young and old bovine hypothalami.
Reprod Fertil Dev
September 2024
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken 1677-1, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how the protein α-synuclein, known for its involvement in age-related diseases, differs in expression between young and old cows, specifically in neurons that release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).* -
- Researchers used various methods, including mRNA analysis and confocal microscopy, to compare α-synuclein levels in different brain areas, finding significant differences between young and aged cows.* -
- The results suggest that α-synuclein in GnRH neurons may be linked to age-related infertility, highlighting its potential importance in understanding reproductive challenges in older animals.*
Alx3 deficiency disrupts energy homeostasis, alters body composition, and impairs hypothalamic regulation of food intake.
Cell Mol Life Sci
August 2024
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
The coordination of food intake, energy storage, and expenditure involves complex interactions between hypothalamic neurons and peripheral tissues including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, muscle, and liver. Previous research shows that deficiency of the transcription factor Alx3 alters pancreatic islet-dependent glucose homeostasis. In this study we carried out a comprehensive assessment of metabolic alterations in Alx3 deficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrontal trans opercular approaches to the insula: building the mental picture from procedure-guided anatomical dissection.
Surg Radiol Anat
August 2024
INSERM, Imaging Brain & Neuropsychiatry iBraiN U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
Background: Performing transopercular frontal approaches to the insula, widely used in glioma surgeries, necessitates a meticulous understanding of both cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy. This precision is vital for preserving essential structures and accurately interpreting the results of direct electrical stimulation. Nevertheless, acquiring a compelling mental image of the anatomy of this region can be challenging due to several factors, among which stand out its complexity and the fact that white matter fasciculi are imperceptible to the naked eye in the living brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroanatomical distribution of fluorophores within adult RXFP3 Cre-tdTomato/YFP mouse brain.
Biochem Pharmacol
July 2024
Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia. Electronic address:
Relaxin-family peptide 3 receptor (RXFP3) is activated by relaxin-3 in the brain to influence arousal and related functions, such as feeding and stress responses. Two transgenic mouse lines have recently been developed that co-express different fluorophores within RXFP3-expressing neurons: either yellow fluorescent protein (YFP; RXFP3-Cre/YFP mice) or tdTomato (RXFP3-Cre/tdTomato mice). To date, the characteristics of neurons that express RXFP3-associated fluorophores in these mice have only been investigated in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeonatal Aromatase Inhibition Blocked Defeminization of AVPV Kiss1 Neurons and LH Surge-Generating System in Male Rats.
Endocrinology
February 2024
Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
The neuroendocrine system that controls the preovulatory surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH), which triggers ovulation in female mammals, is sexually differentiated in rodents. A transient increase in circulating testosterone levels in male rats within a few hours of birth is primarily responsible for the defeminization of anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) kisspeptin neurons, which are critical regulators of the GnRH/LH surge. The present study aimed to determine whether neonatal estradiol-17β (E2) converted from testosterone by aromatase primarily causes the defeminization of AVPV kisspeptin neurons and the surge of GnRH/LH in male rodents.
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