Pleural effusions are a frequent complication of malignant gynecologic diseases, especially in breast cancer with an incidence of about 50%. Pleural effusions usually occur at a stage of the disease where no further curative therapeutic options exist. Therefore, the treatment should be effective and have a low side effect profile. The intrapleural administration of mitoxantrone in comparison with other pleurodesis techniques has been demonstrated to meet these requirements.
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Outcomes of internal rib fixation through complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for multiple rib fractures and flail chest in severe chest trauma.
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Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhangjiagang Third People's Hospital, Renmin Middle No. 8 Road, Zhangjiagang, 215600, People's Republic of China.
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Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. Electronic address:
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