This is the introductory article of a series of eight where the authors discuss non-parametric methods. They compare the advantages and disadvantages of non-parametric methods with parametric ones. Non-parametric methods can be used in particular where the investigated variables do not have a normal distribution, where the small size of the investigation and the type of classification do not permit to test, when information on the investigated variables are presented by means of rank or normal scales etc. Their disadvantage is a smaller ability to refute the null hypothesis, when it is not correct, as compared with parametric tests.
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Stat Med
February 2025
Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.
The semi-competing risks data model is a special type of disease-state model that focuses on studying the association between an intermediate event and a terminal event and proves to be a useful tool in modeling disease progression. The study of the semi-competing risk data model not only allows us to evaluate whether a disease episode is related to death but also provides a toolkit to predict death, given that the episode occurred at a certain time. However, the computation of the semi-competing risk models is a numerically challenging task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Pharmacokinet
January 2025
Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Department of Pharmacology, UR 3801, Reims University Hospital, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 45 rue Cognacq Jay, 51092, Reims Cedex, France.
Background And Objective: Apixaban is increasingly being used for stroke prevention in patients with end-stage kidney disease with atrial fibrillation undergoing haemodialysis, but no pharmacostatistical model is available for dosage adjustment. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of apixaban in these patients to characterise its dialytic clearance and determine optimal dosing regimens and discontinuation timing before surgery.
Methods: Patients received 2.
Dent J (Basel)
January 2025
Discipline of Periodontics, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil.
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) often present with severe periodontal disease at a young age. Adjuvant treatments to scaling and root planing (SRP), such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), may benefit this population. This study evaluated the effectiveness of aPDT as an adjunct to SRP in individuals with DS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
January 2025
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Bari Institute, Bari, Italy.
Introduction: Cognitive symptoms are common in Parkinson's Disease (PD), and digital interventions like telerehabilitation other an accessible way to manage these symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Home-Based Computerized Cognitive Training (HB-CCT) program in individuals with PD using a pilot randomized cross-over design.
Methods: Twenty-five participants (mean age 69.
J Clin Orthop Trauma
March 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
Objective: To evaluate the utility of three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models as an educational tool among Orthopaedic surgical trainees.
Methods: Seven types of 3D anatomical models - humerus, elbow, ankle, calcaneum, knee, femur, and pelvis- based on patients' computational tomography (CT) scans were printed in the study institution and used by surgical trainees preoperatively. Responses were collected in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire.
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