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The changing relationship between racial identity and skin color in Brazil.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-5100.
In recent years, Brazil's non-White (Brown and Black) population became a numerical majority for the first time since the 19th century. Although we know this change was mostly due to racial reclassification, we do not know how such changes are related to skin color, the primary marker of race in Brazil. Using data from six Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), or America's Barometer, surveys from 2010 to 2023, we examine how changes in racial self-identification (White, Brown, or Black) are related to respondent skin color (light, medium, or dark).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparing Virtual Reality-Based and Traditional Physical Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) Stations for Clinical Competency Assessments: Randomized Controlled Trial.
J Med Internet Res
January 2025
Institute of Medical Teaching and Medical Education Research, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Background: Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are a widely recognized and accepted method to assess clinical competencies but are often resource-intensive.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR)-based station (VRS) compared with a traditional physical station (PHS) in an already established curricular OSCE.
Methods: Fifth-year medical students participated in an OSCE consisting of 10 stations.
Methodology for the Positive Voices 2022 Survey of People With HIV Accessing Care in England, Wales, and Scotland: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.
JMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Due to advances in treatment, HIV is now a chronic condition with near-normal life expectancy. However, people with HIV continue to have a higher burden of mental and physical health conditions and are impacted by wider socioeconomic issues. Positive Voices is a nationally representative series of surveys of people with HIV in the United Kingdom.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Relationship Between Longest-Held Occupation and Hand Function in Older Adults.
J Occup Environ Med
January 2025
School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Objective: Hand function, an important component of daily functioning, declines with age, yet the degree to which occupation modifies such declines is largely unknown.Methods: Older adults (≥65) completed an online cross-sectional survey containing a standardized hand function questionnaire, occupation-related questions, and demographic information. Participants were then categorized by their longest-held occupation as Blue Collar or White Collar.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow are brands associated by users in short videos-A study on the mechanism of user associations with brand placements in short videos based on signal theory.
PLoS One
January 2025
School of Business, Xinyang Vocational College of Art, Xinyang, Henan, China.
The emergence of short video platforms has opened new avenues and opportunities for brand marketing. This paper investigates the mechanisms of brand dissemination in short videos, examining strategies for fostering brand associations to fulfill communication objectives. Drawing on signal theory, the study identifies the perceived value of short videos as the source of signals, with brand value and transparency serving as mediating factors, and brand association as the outcome.
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