A 56-year-old female patient was admitted, complaining of hematochezia. She was preoperatively diagnosed with poorly-differentiated carcinoma of anorectum with metastases in the lung and mesorectal lymph nodes, and underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. The immunohistochemistry of the rectal tumor showed positive for vimentin and c-kit, and negative for AE1/AE3, S-100, a-SMA, LCA and CD34, which was compatible with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Regardless of the administration of imatinib mesylate, multiple metastases in the brain, bone, adrenal glands and inguinal lymph node proceeded in a short term. An excisional biopsy of the inguinal lymph node was performed and immunohistochemistry of the specimen showed positive for S-100, melan-A, HMB45 and tyrosinase. Therefore, we concluded that amelanotic anorectal melanoma (AMM) metastasized to the lymph node, and rechecked the immuno histochemistry of the anorectal tumor. The anorectal tumor showed positive for melan-A, HMB45 and tyrosinase, but negative for S-100. As far as we know, there are few reports of AMM with S-100 negative and c-kit positive. In such cases, making a differential diagnosis between AMM and GIST of the anorectal region can be very confusing.
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World J Gastrointest Endosc
January 2025
Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
Background: Early anal canal cancer is frequently treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to preserve anal function. However, if the lesion is in the anal canal, then significant difficulties such as bleeding and challenges associated with scope manipulation can arise.
Case Summary: A 70-year-old woman undergoing follow-up after transverse colon cancer surgery was diagnosed with anal canal cancer extending to the dentate line.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Introduction: The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in influencing host health, through the production of metabolites and other key signalling molecules. While the impact of specific metabolites or taxa on host cells is well-documented, the broader impact of a disrupted microbiota on immune homeostasis is less understood, which is particularly important in the context of the increasing overuse of antibiotics.
Methods: Female C57BL/6 mice were gavaged twice daily for four weeks with Vancomycin, Polymyxin B, or PBS (control).
Front Immunol
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Background: Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors (SMARCA4-UT) exhibit a notably aggressive phenotype, which is associated with poor patient survival outcomes. These tumors are generally resistant to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, thereby limiting the availability of effective treatment options.
Case Presentation: We describe a 69-year-old AIDS patient who initially presented with a fused, enlarged lymph node on the right clavicle and mild, unexplained pain under the right axilla that worsened with severe coughing episodes.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Section of Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Background: Maintenance immunosuppression is required for suppression of alloimmunity or allograft rejection. However, continuous use of immunosuppressants may lead to various side effects, necessitating the use of alternative immunosuppressive drugs. The early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) is a virulence factor and immunoregulatory protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which alters host immunity through dually regulating development or activation of various immune cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Background: There is no consensus regarding the optimal regimen for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (dmNPC). Locoregional intensity modulated radiotherapy (LRRT) following palliative chemotherapy (PCT) has been shown to prolong the overall survival (OS) and improve the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with dmNPC, compared with PCT alone. However, patients with a high tumor burden do not benefit from additional LRRT, which inevitably results in toxicity.
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