A macroscopic helical twist is imposed on an achiral nematic liquid crystal by controlling the azimuthal alignment directions at the two substrates. On application of an electric field the director rotates in the substrate plane. This electroclinic effect, which requires the presence of chirality, is strongest at the two substrates and increases with increasing imposed twist distortion. We present a simple model involving a trade-off among bulk elastic energy, surface anchoring energy, and deracemization entropy that suggests the large equilibrium director rotation induces a deracemization of chiral conformations in the molecules-effectively "top-down" chiral induction-quantitatively consistent with experiment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.237804 | DOI Listing |
Adv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater
January 2025
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria. Electronic address:
Background: Surgical treatments of benign primary bone tumors of the femur face the challenge of limiting tissue damage and contamination while providing sufficient stabilization to avoid fracture. While no clear treatment guidelines exist, surgical treatment commonly consists of femoral fenestration and curettage with optional filling and plating of the defect. Mono- or bicortical plating of distal femoral defects aim to reduce fracture risk and have been shown to increase axial stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Methods Programs Biomed
December 2024
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Polito(BIO)Med Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, Turin 10129, Italy. Electronic address:
Background And Objectives: Vascular stents are scaffolding structures implanted in the vessels of patients with obstructive disease. Stents are typically designed as cylindrical lattice structures characterized by the periodic repetition of unit cells. Their design, including geometry and material characteristics, influences their mechanical performance and, consequently, the clinical outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals (Basel)
October 2024
Universidad Tecnológica de la Tarahumara, Chihuahua 33180, Mexico.
Leg torsion and distal asymmetry (LTDA) among cows reared on intensive farms in the Comarca Lagunera region of northern Mexico may be indicative of underlying health concerns. To ascertain whether the incidence of LTDA is associated with trough measurements and with productive, reproductive, and disease variables, the prevalence of LTDA was determined in lactating dairy cows. The data were derived from two intensive dairy farms in northern Mexico (G60: 2043 cows in 13 pens with 142.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
August 2024
Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India.
We show a new class of optical silk torsion pendulum (TOP) with zepto-Newton-meter (zNm) sensitivity achieved by exploiting hitherto unknown ultrasoft twist response of tough silk fibers in ultrahigh vacuum. We demonstrate several macroscopic microgram TOPs using three different silk types showing 6 orders of magnitude wide range of sensitivity calibrated using up to zNm optical torques. Remarkably, a nanoscale diameter capture silk exhibits about 20 fNm/rad torsion constant with low damping and responds to sub-400 zNm impulses over many oscillation cycles.
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