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Hypotheses in light detection by vertebrate ancient opsin in the bird brain.
J Neuroendocrinol
March 2025
Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India.
Extra-retinal photoreception is common across fish and avian species. In birds, the hypothalamus contains non-visual photoreceptors that detect light and regulate multiple endocrine systems. To date, light-dependent control of seasonal reproduction is one of the most well-studied systems that require deep brain photoreception.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrinciples and Paradigms of De-Escalated Elective Nodal Irradiation: Boldly Going Towards an Inflection Point in Head and Neck Radiotherapy.
Semin Radiat Oncol
April 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.. Electronic address:
Fundamental axioms of elective nodal irradiation (ENI) for head and neck cancers merit re-examination in contemporary practice. Standard ENI doses to volumes bordering critical organs-at-risk increased during the transition from two-dimensional radiation planning to intensity-modulated radiotherapy, despite improvements in detection of occult nodal metastases with modern imaging, use of concurrent chemotherapy, and identification of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related radiosensitivity. Historical large ENI volumes covering low-risk nodal regions continue to be commonly used even as awareness grows regarding the predominant pattern-of-failure within existing gross disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria by combining low nitrogen strength with microbial viability.
Bioresour Technol
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China.
The rapid enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bacteria (AnAOB) is challenging owing to their slow growth rate. Substrate supply strategies influence the AnAOB yield and anammox performance. In this study, a feeding strategy for low nitrogen strength with constant substrate concentrations and a hydraulic retention time decreasing over a gradient was investigated in an up-flow sludge blanket reactor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly detection of Parkinson's disease: Retinal functional impairments as potential biomarkers.
Neurobiol Dis
March 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada; Integrative Neuroscience and Experimental Therapies Axis, CERVO Brain Research Center, 2301 Av. D'Estimauville, Québec G1E 1T2, Québec, Canada. Electronic address:
Background: Parkinson's disease is typically diagnosed after substantial neurodegeneration despite early non-motor symptoms manifesting decades earlier. These changes offer a promising avenue for diagnostic exploration, especially within the eye, which has been proposed as a "window to the brain."
Objective: The aim was to identify biomarkers by validating the use of electroretinography, a non-invasive technique, to detect early retinal function anomalies reflecting central dysfunction.
Background And Objectives: The American Board of Pediatrics requires that proposed changes to the duration of pediatric subspecialty training must include a framework for competency assessment with a measurement component. We analyzed the clinical Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) level of supervision ratings across 3-year pediatric fellowships to determine if trainees met the minimum thresholds for graduation after 2 years of fellowship training.
Methods: From spring 2019 through spring 2022, Clinical Competency Committees (CCCs) reported fellow supervision level ratings for all clinical EPAs, fellowship program directors (FPDs) assessed the scholarship EPA supervision level, and fellows self-reported their required level of supervision for all EPAs.
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