DNA binding protein A expression and methylation status in hepatocellular carcinoma and the adjacent tissue.

We investigated the expression and promoter methylation of dbpA in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and examined their correlation with clinicopathological features. In 96 paired samples of HCC and adjacent non-tumorous liver, and 10 normal liver specimens, dbpA mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR, and promoter methylation was examined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite sequencing. The results showed that dbpA mRNA expression levels were higher in HCC compared to corresponding non-tumor tissues (P<0.01) and higher in non-virus-associated HCC compared to virus-associated cases (P<0.01). dbpA promoter was methylated in 37.7% of HCC samples and the promoter methylation was significantly correlated with the low expression of dbpA in non-virus-associated HCC (P<0.01), but not in virus-associated HCC. Surprisingly, poor prognosis was more significantly associated with high dbpA expression in non-tumorous liver (P=0.018) but not with that in HCC. Non-tumorous tissues consist of chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, and these conditions are the background of hepatocarcinogenesis, defined as the hypercarcinogenic state. Our results suggest that the high expression of dbpA in the hypercarcinogenic state is an indicator of poor prognosis.