In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of the distortion in multilayer coding structures. Specifically, we analyze the prediction structure used to achieve temporal, spatial, and quality scalability of scalable video coding (SVC) and show that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of SVC is a weighted combination of the bit rates assigned to all the streams. Our analysis utilizes the end user's preference for certain resolutions. We also propose a rate-distortion (R-D) optimization algorithm and compare its performance with that of a state-of-the-art scalable bit allocation algorithm. The reported experiment results demonstrate that the R-D algorithm significantly outperforms the compared approach in terms of the average PSNR.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2011.2177990 | DOI Listing |
J Comput Soc Sci
December 2024
Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, 21 Ross Street, Forest Lodge, NSW 2037 Australia.
A network analysis approach, complemented by machine learning (ML) techniques, is applied to analyse the factors influencing Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) at the country level. Using the Electronic Database of Investment Treaties, BITs with health safeguards from 167 countries were charted, resulting in 534 connections with countries as nodes and their BITs as edges. Network analysis found that, on average, a country established BITs with six other nations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
The Tactile Internet (TI) characterises the transformative paradigm that aims to support real-time control and haptic communication between humans and machines, heavily relying on a dense network of sensors and actuators. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a promising enabler of TI that enhances interactions between sensors and actuators, which are collectively considered as users, and thus supports multiple users simultaneously in sharing the same Resource Block (RB), consequently offering remarkable improvements in spectral efficiency and latency. This article proposes a novel downlink power domain Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) NOMA communication scenario for TI by considering multiple users and a base station.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Neurodyn
October 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, India.
Unlabelled: Attentional paradigm can have a significant influence on the processing and experience of positive and negative emotions. Attentional mechanism refers to the tendency to selectively attend to a particular stimulus while ignoring others. In the context of emotions, individuals may exhibit attentional biases towards either positive or negative emotional stimuli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe propose a novel, to our knowledge, resource allocation algorithm (RAA) for a multi-user non-orthogonal multiple access orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (NOMA-OFDM) visible light communication (VLC) system. The proposed algorithm considers both the interference between users and their channel diversity. Bit allocation to users in each iteration is based on the ratio between the already allocated number of bits and the demanded number of bits of users, rather than their channel gains.
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