Background: Rotavirus vaccination was introduced in Panama in March 2006. This study was carried out in order to describe the trends in gastroenteritis-related (GER) hospitalizations and mortality in children <5 years of age during the pre- and post-vaccination periods.
Methods: Data from the Expanded Program on Immunization (Ministry of Health) were used to calculate vaccine coverage. GER mortality and hospitalizations were obtained through database review of the ContralorÃa General de la República and hospital discharge databases of five sentinel hospitals, for the period 2000-2008. Mean rates of GER mortality and mean numbers of hospitalizations during the baseline pre-vaccination period (2000-2005) were compared to those of 2007 and 2008.
Results: National coverage for the second rotavirus vaccine dose increased from 30% in 2006 to 62% in 2007 and 71% in 2008, varying from 62% in the West region to 77% in the Panama region. Overall, at 2-years post-vaccine introduction, the GER mortality rate in Panama had decreased by 50% (95% confidence interval (CI) 46-54). During 2000-2005, the GER mortality rate in children (<1 year) was 73/100 000, decreasing by 45% (95% CI 40-51) in 2008. In children aged 1-4 years, the GER mortality rate was 20.3/100 000 (2000-2005), decreasing by 54% (95% CI 48-60) in 2008. The Panama region registered the highest mortality rate reduction (69%; 95% CI 58-81) for 2008. During 2008, GER hospitalizations among children <5 years of age decreased by 30% (95% CI 21-37) from the mean number of hospitalizations during 2000-2005.
Conclusions: A substantial reduction in GER mortality and hospitalizations was observed following the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Panama.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2011.09.003 | DOI Listing |
Gut Pathog
January 2025
Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit (DPRU), Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Bacterial flagellin, a potent intestinal innate immune activator, prevents murine rotavirus (RV) infection independent of adaptive immunity and interferons. The flagellin-induced immunity is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR5) and Nod-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), which elicit the production of interleukins 22 (IL-22) and IL-18, respectively. Here, we assessed whether a high abundance of flagellin at the time of vaccination would negatively affect the oral RV vaccine take.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Inform Decis Mak
January 2025
Kenya Medical Research Institute- Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), P.O Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.
Background: Despite the adverse health outcomes associated with longer duration diarrhea (LDD), there are currently no clinical decision tools for timely identification and better management of children with increased risk. This study utilizes machine learning (ML) to derive and validate a predictive model for LDD among children presenting with diarrhea to health facilities.
Methods: LDD was defined as a diarrhea episode lasting ≥ 7 days.
Vaccine
January 2025
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address:
Background: The underlying causes for lower rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) in high-child-mortality settings are not well understood. Uganda introduced the human monovalent G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in June 2018. We determined the effectiveness of Rotarix against rotavirus diarrhea requiring hospital care among Ugandan children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemiol Serv Saude
January 2025
Universidade de BrasÃlia, BrasÃlia, DF, Brazil.
Objective: To estimate and compare vaccination coverage among children born in 2017-2018 in São Paulo and Campinas, according to the Vaccination Coverage Survey (ICV 2020) and the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI).
Methods: ICV 2020 analyzed vaccination card records. Coverage was calculated and compared to doses recorded on the SI-PNI, divided by the target population.
Vaccine
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Objectives: The number of post-marketing studies assessing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR, licensed in 2000 exclusively in China) and the oral human attenuated pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, licensed in China in 2018) in China is limited.
Methods: A test-negative case-control study based on prospective surveillance was conducted among diarrhea patients aged 5Â years and younger at five hospitals in Shanghai, China. Cases and controls were defined based on the results of real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of fecal samples for rotavirus.
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