Dementias are a varied group of disorders typically associated with memory loss, impaired judgment and/or language and by symptoms affecting other cognitive and social abilities to a degree that interferes with daily functioning. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of a progressive dementia, followed by dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), (VaD) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The pathogenesis of this group of disorders has been linked to the abnormal accumulation of proteins in the brains of affected individuals, which in turn has been related to deficits in protein clearance. Autophagy is a key cellular protein clearance pathway with proteolytic cleavage and degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway representing another important clearance mechanism. Alterations in the levels of autophagy and the proteins associated with the autophagocytic pathway have been reported in various types of dementias. This review will examine recent literature across these disorders and highlight a common theme of altered autophagy across the spectrum of the dementias.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00545.x | DOI Listing |
Inflammopharmacology
December 2024
Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple joints and requires lifelong treatment. Present study was designed to formulate Esculin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ENPs) and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic action. The acute toxicity study of ENPs was also performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPacing Clin Electrophysiol
December 2024
Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing Unit, Pellegrini Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Reel's syndrome (RS) is an unusual cause of pacemaker lead dislodgement. We present the case of a 59-year-old female patient with Down syndrome (DS) implanted with a dual-chamber endovascular pacemaker due to symptomatic sinus node disfunction, reporting several syncopal episodes in last days and showing abnormal electrical parameters at the 2-months follow-up due to RS. The malfunctioning device was removed and an endocardial leadless pacing system was implanted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Autism Dev Disord
December 2024
School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported to exhibit altered local functional consistency. However, previous studies mainly focused on male samples and explored the temporal consistency in the ASD brain ignoring the spatial consistency. In this study, FOur-dimensional Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA) analysis was used to investigate the sex differences of local spatiotemporal consistency of spontaneous brain activity in ASD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci China Life Sci
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
Salivary proteins serve multifaceted roles in maintaining oral health and hold significant potential for diagnosing and monitoring diseases due to the non-invasive nature of saliva sampling. However, the clinical utility of current saliva biomarker studies is limited by the lack of reference intervals (RIs) to correctly interpret the testing result. Here, we developed a rapid and robust saliva proteome profiling workflow, obtaining coverage of >1,200 proteins from a 50-µL unstimulated salivary flow with 30 min gradients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZ Gerontol Geriatr
December 2024
2. Med. Abteilung, Klinik Landstraße, Juchgasse 25, 1030, Wien, Österreich.
Background: Little is known about how younger and older hospitalized patients differ with respect to reasons for admission, comorbidities, diagnostics, treatment and intercurrent problems.
Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the previously named characteristics in the clinical profile of patients > 90 years old (nonagenarians) with a control group of patients 70-75 years old admitted to an emergency hospital department for internal medicine and cardiology.
Material And Method: The study included all consecutive nonagenarians and gender-matched control patients who were admitted during 2011.
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