AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are a critical cell population that suppresses T cell activation in response to microbial and viral pathogens. We identify a cell-intrinsic mechanism by which effector CD4(+) T cells overcome the suppressive effects of Treg cells in the context of three distinct infections: Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, and vaccinia virus. The acute responses to the parasitic, bacterial, and viral pathogens resulted in a transient reduction in frequency and absolute number of Treg cells. The infection-induced partial loss of Treg cells was essential for the initiation of potent Th1 responses and host protection against the pathogens. The observed disappearance of Treg cells was a result of insufficiency in IL-2 caused by the expansion of pathogen-specific CD4(+) T cells with a limited capacity of IL-2 production. Exogenous IL-2 treatment during the parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections completely prevented the loss of Treg cells, but restoration of Treg cells resulted in a greatly enhanced susceptibility to the pathogens. These results demonstrate that the transient reduction in Treg cells induced by pathogens via IL-2 deprivation is essential for optimal T cell responses and host resistance to microbial and viral pathogens.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253229 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1100769 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Bilirubin nanoparticles modulate Treg/Th17 cells and functional metabolism of gut microbiota to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
December 2024
Department of General Practice, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China. Electronic address:
The level of serum bilirubin is associated with the incidence of lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers, but the specific mechanism is unknown. Bilirubin nanoparticles (BRNPs) were synthesized to explore the effects on Treg/Th17 immunity and gut microbiota in Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) mice, to provide insights for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. 10 μg/mL BRNPs promoted apoptosis of A549, NCI-H1299 and LLC cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFT lymphocyte plasticity in chronic inflammatory diseases: The emerging role of the Ikaros family as a key Th17-Treg switch.
Autoimmun Rev
December 2024
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland.
T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells are highly plastic CD4 Th cell subsets, being able not only to actively adapt to their microenvironment, but also to interconvert, acquiring mixed identity markers. These phenotypic changes are underpinned by transcriptional control mechanisms, chromatin reorganization events and epigenetic modifications, that can be hereditable and stable over time. The Ikaros family of transcription factors have a predominant role in T cell subset specification through mechanisms of transcriptional program regulation that enable phenotypical diversification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDysfunction and regulatory interplay of T and B cells in chronic hepatitis B: immunotherapy and emerging antiviral strategies.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
In the context of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the continuous replication of HBV within host hepatocytes is a characteristic feature. Rather than directly causing hepatocyte destruction, this replication leads to immune dysfunction and establishes a state of T-B immune tolerance. Successful clearance of the HBV virus is dependent on the close collaboration between humoral and cellular immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacrophage Notch1 signaling modulates regulatory T cells via the TGFB axis in early MASLD.
JHEP Rep
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China.
Background & Aims: Hepatic immune imbalance is crucial for driving metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression. However, the role of hepatic regulatory T cells (Tregs) in MASLD initiation and the mechanisms responsible for their change are not completely understood.
Methods: A mouse model subjected to a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic early steatosis, along with liver biopsy samples from patients with simple steatosis, and macrophage-specific Notch1-knockout mice (Notch1), were used to investigate the role of Tregs in early MASLD and the effect of hepatic macrophage Notch1 signaling on Treg frequency.
Induction of cell death in malignant cells and regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment by targeting CD137.
Oncoimmunology
December 2025
Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute significantly to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment which is a main barrier for immunotherapies of solid cancers. Reducing Treg numbers enhances anti-tumor immune responses but current depletion strategies also impair effector T cells (Teffs), potentially leading to reduced anti-tumor immunity and/or autoimmune diseases. CD137 has been identified as the most differentially expressed gene between peripheral Tregs and intratumoral Tregs in virtually all solid cancers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!