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Overview of therapeutic ultrasound applications and safety considerations.
J Ultrasound Med
April 2012
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 3240A Medical Science Building I, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5667, USA.
Applications of ultrasound in medicine for therapeutic purposes have been accepted and beneficial uses of ultrasonic biological effects for many years. Low-power ultrasound of about 1 MHz has been widely applied since the 1950s for physical therapy in conditions such as tendinitis and bursitis. In the 1980s, high-pressure-amplitude shock waves came into use for mechanically resolving kidney stones, and "lithotripsy" rapidly replaced surgery as the most frequent treatment choice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInteraction between parallel polymer fibers insonificated by ultrasound of low/mild intensity: an analytical theory and experiments.
Ultrasonics
March 2012
Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
The purpose of this article is to develop a simple mathematical model to address some bioeffects which may be caused by a static attractive force between two long neighboring parallel thin fibers (for example, a pair of collagen bundles of connective tissue) when they are insonificated by a continuous (CW) traveling plane ultrasound (US) under the condition that the fiber length (L)≫the distance between them (h) and h≪the wavelength of US (λ). The theory predicts that there is an attractive force between these fibers when they are exposed to the CW US with an intensity of a magnitude of 100mW/cm(2). The relationship between the relative approaching velocity of the fibers and the acoustic pressure amplitude can be calculated using the theory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedical applications of radiation force of ultrasound: historical roots and physical basis.
Ultrasound Med Biol
September 2010
Artann Laboratories, Trenton, NJ, USA.
Radiation force is a universal phenomenon in any wave motion, electromagnetic or acoustic. Although acoustic and electromagnetic waves are both characterized by time variation of basic quantities, they are also both capable of exerting a steady force called radiation force. In 1902, Lord Rayleigh published his classic work on the radiation force of sound, introducing the concept of acoustic radiation pressure, and some years later, further fundamental contributions to the radiation force phenomenon were made by L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasound, cavitation bubbles and their interaction with cells.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev
June 2008
Department of Physics, Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
This article reviews the basic physics of ultrasound generation, acoustic field, and both inertial and non-inertial acoustic cavitation in the context of localized gene and drug delivery as well as non-linear oscillation of an encapsulated microbubble and its associated microstreaming and radiation force generated by ultrasound. The ultrasound thermal and mechanical bioeffects and relevant safety issues for in vivo applications are also discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe risk of exposure to diagnostic ultrasound in postnatal subjects: nonthermal mechanisms.
J Ultrasound Med
April 2008
National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, 1 Coliseum Dr, University, MS 38677 USA.
This review examines the nonthermal physical mechanisms by which ultrasound can harm tissue in postnatal patients. First the physical nature of the more significant interactions between ultrasound and tissue is described, followed by an examination of the existing literature with particular emphasis on the pressure thresholds for potential adverse effects. The interaction of ultrasonic fields with tissue depends in a fundamental way on whether the tissue naturally contains undissolved gas under normal physiologic conditions.
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