We find the equivalence of the structure constants in non-Kolmogorov and Kolmogorov spectra in a turbulent atmosphere. As the reference point, the spherical wave scintillation index in a non-Kolmogorov medium is used. Relations of the structure constants are found to be functions of the power law of the turbulence spectrum and the Fresnel zone. It will be useful to employ the equivalence of the structure constants in making performance comparisons found with non-Kolmogorov and Kolmogorov spectra.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.36.004554 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Heilongjiang Ground Pressure and Gas Control in Deep Mining Key Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 15002, China.
When underground tunnels in coal mines traverse geological structurally abnormal zones (faults, collapse columns, fractured zones, etc.), excavation-induced unloading leads to instability and failure of the engineering rock mass. Rock masses in fractured zones are in elastic, plastic, and post-peak stress states, and the process of excavation through these zones essentially involves unloading under full stress paths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Department of Biotechnological Genetics, Institute of Science, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
Fish gelatin, a sustainable substitute for mammalian gelatin, frequently exhibits weaker gel strength and thermal stability, limiting its industrial uses. This study investigated an in vivo method to improve functional characteristics by supplementing Nile tilapia diets with Aronia extract. The control diet (A0) contained no Aronia extract, while the remaining four diets consisted of commercial pelleted feed enriched with 250 mg/kg (A250), 500 mg/kg (A500), 750 mg/kg (A750), and 1000 mg/kg (A1000) of Aronia extract.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanites at Al-Quway'iyahl, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:
This study considered the effects of fluoride, MgO, sucrose, and rGO on the characteristics of the fluoride-carbon-MgO/rGO predicted (F-C-MgO/rGOP) catalyst and its effectiveness in the catalytic ozonation process (COP) for atrazine elimination from aqueous solutions. Using a mixture design, the catalyst composition was optimized to 13.6% sucrose, 50% Mg (OH)2, 25% NaF, and 11.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
January 2025
College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. of China.
Soil microbiota plays crucial roles in maintaining the health, productivity, and nutrient cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. The persistence and prevalence of heterocyclic compounds in soil pose significant risks to soil health. However, understanding the links between heterocyclic compounds and microbial responses remains challenging due to the complexity of microbial communities and their various chemical structures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
Soft and stretchable strain sensors are crucial for applications in human-machine interfaces, flexible robotics, and electronic skin. Among these, capacitive strain sensors are widely used and studied; however, they face challenges due to material and structural constraints, such as low baseline capacitance and susceptibility to external interference, which result in low signal-to-noise ratios and poor stability. To address these issues, we propose a U-shaped electrode flexible strain sensor based on liquid metal elastomer (LME).
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