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Evolution of the RL11 gene family in Old World monkeys and Great Apes.
Virus Evol
August 2024
MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom.
Article Synopsis
- CMV (Cytomegalovirus) is a genus of herpesviruses that has evolved alongside primates and typically causes lifelong infections, being mostly harmless in healthy individuals but dangerous for those with weakened immune systems.
- The human CMV genome is highly complex, containing at least 15 gene families, with the RL11 gene family being the largest and vital for immune evasion, yet showing high variability, making evolutionary relationships hard to trace.
- This study used genomic and phylogenetic analysis to trace the evolution of the RL11 gene family, revealing that it is unique to certain primates and resulted from early gene duplications followed by specific gene losses in different lineages.
Recombinant origin and interspecies transmission of a HERV-K(HML-2)-related primate retrovirus with a novel RNA transport element.
Elife
July 2024
Department of Biology, Boston College, Boston, United States.
HERV-K(HML-2), the youngest clade of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), includes many intact or nearly intact proviruses, but no replication competent HML-2 proviruses have been identified in humans. HML-2-related proviruses are present in other primates, including rhesus macaques, but the extent and timing of HML-2 activity in macaques remains unclear. We have identified 145 HML-2-like proviruses in rhesus macaques, including a clade of young, rhesus-specific insertions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReactivity of HLADR antibody manifests expression of surface MHC II molecules on peripheral blood T lymphocytes in new world monkeys.
Immun Inflamm Dis
June 2024
Department of Comparative Medicine, Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, UT-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA.
Background: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed on B cells, monocytes and dendritic cells present processed peptides to CD4 T cells as one of the mechanisms to combat infection and inflammation.
Aim: To study MHC II expression in a variety of nonhuman primate species, including New World (NWM) squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis), owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae), common marmosets (Callithrix spp.), and Old World (OWM) rhesus (Macaca mulatta), baboons (Papio anubis).
Sex differences in normal fetal regional brain apparent diffusion coefficient changes assessed by DWI.
Front Pediatr
March 2024
Department of Radiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Objective: There are differences in the vulnerability of male and female fetal brains to adverse intrauterine exposure, preterm birth, and associated perinatal brain injury. The main objective of this study was to identify any statistically significant difference in the change of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the intracranial regions of male and female fetuses in the second and third trimesters.
Methods: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed in 200 fetuses between 20 and 37 gestational ages (GA) with normal results or suspicious results on sonography followed by structural MRI.
Open Window Mapping of Accessory Pathways: A Literature Review and Practical Guide.
Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev
December 2023
Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre Basildon, Essex, UK.
Catheter ablation is the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic accessory pathways (APs) causing recurrent atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia or in situations where APs conduct rapidly, posing a risk of sudden cardiac death. Conventional AP mapping relies on point-by-point assessment of local electrograms looking closely for pathway electrograms or early atrial or ventricular electrograms, which may be challenging and time consuming. Recently, open window mapping (OWM) using 3D navigational systems has emerged as a novel technique to help localise and ablate APs.
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