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Background: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) manifests with characteristics of autoimmune disease with organs attacked by pathogenic helper T cells. Recent studies have highlighted the role of T cells in cGVHD pathogenesis. Due to limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, preventing cGVHD after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a major challenge.

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The role of B cells in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

Front Immunol

December 2024

Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disorder caused by a complete lack of insulin, primarily manifested by hyperglycemia. The mechanisms underlying the onset of T1D are complex, involving genetics, environment, and various unknown factors, leading to the infiltration of various immune components into the islets. Besides T cells, B cells are now considered important contributors to the pathogenesis of T1D, according to recent studies.

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Precision medicine using molecular-target drugs in psoriatic arthritis.

Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis

January 2025

The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) presents various clinical manifestations, including skin lesions, peripheral arthritis, axial involvement, enthesitis, nail involvement, dactylitis, and uveitis. In addition, it causes a high incidence of lifestyle-related diseases and an increase in cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. As the pathology of PsA has been clarified, molecular-targeted drugs targeting tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17 receptor, IL-12/23(p40), IL-23p19, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4), Janus kinase, and phosphodiesterase-4 have been developed and are widely used in clinical practice.

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Osteoblastoma is an uncommon benign bone tumor rarely involving the craniofacial skeleton. Manifestations in the fronto-orbital region are exceptionally rare. A 19-year-old man presented with persistent headache, nausea, vomiting, right eye pain, and longstanding right exophthalmos.

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Fever of Unknown Origin: A Rare Diagnosis Requiring High Suspicion.

Cureus

December 2024

Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Chaves, PRT.

Fever is a classic reason for hospital visits, sometimes requiring admission. Its etiologies are numerous, ranging from simple and relatively common conditions to rare and complex pathologies, for which the differential diagnosis can present a true challenge for internists. A 78-year-old healthy female is referred to the emergency department due to marked fatigue for the past four months, with no other symptoms.

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